Cognitive and functional deficits are associated with white matter abnormalities in two independent cohorts of patients with schizophrenia

European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience - Significant evidence links white matter (WM) microstructural abnormalities to cognitive impairment in schizophrenia (SZ), but the...     

Significant Publications for Pharmacy Nutrition Support Practice in 2013

Purpose:

To assist the pharmacy clinician engaged in nutrition support in staying current with the most pertinent literature.

Methods:

Several experienced board-certified clinical pharmacists in nutrition support compiled a list of publications published in 2013 that they considered to be important to their practice. The citation list was compiled into a Web-based survey whereby pharmacist members of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.), GI-Liver-Nutrition Practice Research Network of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy, and the Pharmacy and Pharmacology Section of the Society of Critical Care Medicine were asked to rank each article according to level of importance in their practice.

Results:

A total of 30 articles were identified by the author group. Thirty-six participants responded to the survey. The top-ranked papers by participants from the Web-based survey were reviewed by the authors. Due to its high level of importance, the parenteral nutrition safety consensus recommendations article, to be published in 2014 by A.S.P.E.N., was also reviewed.

Conclusion:

It is recommended that the informed pharmacist, who is engaged in nutrition support therapy, be familiar with the majority of these publications.Key Words: consensus, enteral nutrition, guidelines, nutrition support, outcomes, parenteral nutritionStaying current with the literature is a requirement for the informed pharmacist who maintains an evidence-based clinical practice. This requirement has become increasingly more challenging to fulfill as a paradigm shift has changed the practice culture of a full-time pharmacy nutrition support specialist to a more integrated model whereby the clinical pharmacist provides pharmacotherapy services along with nutrition support responsibilities. This paradigm shift has arguably been partially attributed to the financially motivated decline in the provision of interdisciplinary nutrition support teams by US hospitals over the past couple of decades.¹As a result of this change, informed clinicians are responsible for staying abreast of numerous therapeutic areas that interface with their clinical practice in addition to nutrition support therapy. Keeping current with the nutrition support literature, even for the pharmacy nutrition support specialist, is a daunting if not overwhelming task. Because nutrition support therapy is integrated with many divergent specialized fields (eg, medicine, surgery, pediatrics, gastroenterology, oncology, nephrology, infectious disease, endocrinology, hepatology, transplantation, trauma, burns, home infusion, critical care, dietetics, nursing, and pharmacy), it is nearly impossible for one individual to screen the plethora of journals each month to seek out those clinical studies, position papers, or clinical guidelines that may enhance or change their clinical practice.     

Novel tricyclic poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 inhibitors with potent anticancer chemopotentiating activity: design,synthesis, and X-ray cocrystal structure

A series of novel compounds have been designed that are potent inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), and the activity and physical properties have been characterized. The new structural classes, 3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-azepino[5,4,3-cd]indol-6-ones and 3,4-dihydropyrrolo[4,3,2-de]isoquinolin-5-(1H)-ones, have conformationally locked benzamide cores that specifically interact with the PARP-1 protein. The compounds have been evaluated with in vitro cellular assays that measure the ability of the PARP-1 inhibitors to enhance the effect of cytotoxic agents against cancer cell lines.     

Methodisch und apparativ bedingte Fehlermöglichkeiten bei einigen Hörtests

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Elektrophysiologischer Nachweis des quadratischen Differenztons am Menschen

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Reaktionszeitmessung in der Tonaudiometrie

Summary The latency of push-button responses after beginning and end of pure tone stimuli has been measured by a pair of electronic clocks. Reaction times proved to be correlated with hearing levels. The shortest latencies existed with high levels. Exploring the neighbourhood of threshold, in steps of 1 dB, showed an asymptotic lenghthening of reaction times. In many cases the beginning of stimuli has been responded more slowly than the end. ON-latencies of several seconds duration could be observed in functional hearing loss.Adequate ON- and OFF-latencies might be used as indicating true responses, and probably as a criterium for automatic computation.     

Low frequency of the TIRAP S180L polymorphism in Africa, and its potential role in malaria, sepsis, and leprosy

Background  

The Toll-like receptors (TLRs) mediate innate immunity to various pathogens. A mutation (S180L) in the TLR downstream signal transducer TIRAP has recently been reported to be common in Europeans and Africans and to roughly half the risks of heterogeneous infectious diseases including malaria, tuberculosis, bacteremia, and invasive pneumococal disease in heterozygous mutation carriers.     

Evidence-Based Medicine in der Onkologie Von Studenten lernen

Es ist heute keine Frage mehr, dass wir uns mit ethischen Dimensionen medizinischer Entscheidungen besch?ftigen müssen, dass wir Kommunikationsf?higkeit lernen müssen und dass jeder in der Lage sein sollte, valide und bedeutende wissenschaftliche Informationen von unzutreffenden und unbedeutenden Daten zu unterscheiden.