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排序方式: 共有508条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Venkatesan Chakrapani Thilakavathi Subramanian Pandara Purayil Vijin Ruban Nelson Murali Shunmugam Trace Kershaw 《Global public health》2020,15(3):438-451
ABSTRACTHIV-positive men who have sex with men (HIV+MSM) in India need culturally-relevant interventions to promote safer sex. We tested a multi-level intervention among HIV+MSM that targeted individual, interpersonal, and community factors, based on the Social-Personal and Social Ecological Models. We conducted a 2?×?2 factorial RCT with 119 HIV+MSM randomised to receive either an individual-level intervention (ILI) using motivational interviewing to promote safer sex, a community-level intervention (CLI) to strengthen community norms toward safer sex and reduce stigma among MSM communities, a multi-level intervention combining the individual- and community-level interventions (ILI?+?CLI), or standard-of-care control. Participants completed pre- and post-intervention assessments of a composite sexual risk score and a process evaluation to assess fidelity and satisfaction. Out of the 119 HIV+MSM, 106 (89.0%) completed pre- and post-intervention assessments. Generalised Estimating Equation models showed that both CLI (Incidence Rate Ratio [IRR]?=?.67, 95% CI .47 to .96) and ILI?+?CLI (IRR?=?.66, 95% CI .48 to .91) groups had a statistically significant decrease in sexual risk compared to the standard-of-care. The interventions had high levels of fidelity and satisfaction. This pilot RCT demonstrated feasibility and potential effectiveness of a multi-level intervention that addresses individual, interpersonal and community-level contributors of sexual risk among HIV+MSM. 相似文献
2.
Nadia J. Kershaw Artem Laktyushin Nicos A. Nicola 《Growth factors (Chur, Switzerland)》2014,32(1):1-10
AbstractSOCS3 (suppressor of cytokine signaling 3) inhibits the intracellular signaling cascade initiated by exposure of cells to cytokines. SOCS3 regulates signaling via two distinct mechanisms: directly inhibiting the catalytic activity of Janus kinases (JAKs) that initiate the intracellular signaling cascade and catalysing the ubiquitination of signaling components by recruiting components of an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Here we investigate the latter mode-of-action biochemically by reconstructing a SOCS3-based E3 ubiquitin ligase complex in vitro using fully purified, recombinant components and examining its ability to promote the ubiquitination of molecules involved in the cytokine signaling cascade. We show that SOCS3 is an active substrate recruitment module for a Cullin5-based E3 ligase and have defined the core protein components required for ubiquitination. SOCS3-induced polyubiquitination was rapid and could proceed through a number of different ubiquitin lysines. SOCS3 catalyzed the ubiquitination of both the IL-6 receptor common chain (gp130) and JAK2. 相似文献
3.
Kershaw TS Milan S Westdahl C Lewis J Rising SS Fletcher R Ickovics J 《AIDS and behavior》2007,11(2):299-311
Most unprotected sex occurs in close relationships. However, few studies examine relational factors and sexual risk among
high-risk populations. Romantic Attachment Theory states that individuals have cognitive working models for relationships
that influence expectations, affect, and behavior. We investigated the influence of attachment avoidance and anxiety on sexual
beliefs (e.g., condom use beliefs, self-efficacy), behavior (e.g., condom use, multiple partners, unprotected sex with risky
partners), and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among 755 high-risk, young pregnant women (ages 14a€“25) recruited from
urban prenatal clinics. Attachment anxiety predicted sexual beliefs, condom use, and unprotected sex with risky partners controlling
for demographic variables. Sexual beliefs did not mediate the relationship between attachment orientation and sexual behavior.
Current relationship with the father of the baby did mediate the effect of attachment anxiety on multiple partners and STIs.
Results indicate the importance of including general relational factors, such as attachment, in HIV prevention. 相似文献
4.
Depressive symptoms,physical symptoms,and health-related quality of life among older adults with HIV
Olson Blair Vincent Wilson Meyer Jaimie P. Kershaw Trace Sikkema Kathleen J. Heckman Timothy G. Hansen Nathan B. 《Quality of life research》2019,28(12):3313-3322
Quality of Life Research - In the United States, approximately 45% of persons living with HIV (PLHIV) are ≥ 50 years of age. Many older PLHIV have multi-morbidities that... 相似文献
5.
6.
Sarah K. Calabrese Valerie A. Earnshaw Douglas S. Krakower Kristen Underhill Wilson Vincent Manya Magnus Nathan B. Hansen Trace S. Kershaw Kenneth H. Mayer Joseph R. Betancourt John F. Dovidio 《AIDS and behavior》2018,22(4):1122-1138
Social biases among healthcare providers could limit PrEP access. In this survey study of 115 US medical students, we examined associations between biases (racism and heterosexism) and PrEP clinical decision-making and explored prior PrEP education as a potential buffer. After viewing a vignette about a PrEP-seeking MSM patient, participants reported anticipated patient behavior (condomless sex, extra-relational sex, and adherence), intention to prescribe PrEP to the patient, biases, and background characteristics. Minimal evidence for racism affecting clinical decision-making emerged. In unadjusted analyses, heterosexism indirectly affected prescribing intention via all anticipated behaviors, tested as parallel mediators. Participants expressing greater heterosexism more strongly anticipated increased risk behavior and adherence problems, which were associated with lower prescribing intention. The indirect effect via condomless sex remained significant adjusting for background characteristics. Prior PrEP education did not buffer any indirect effects. Heterosexism may compromise PrEP provision to MSM and should be addressed in PrEP-related medical education. 相似文献
7.
Objective
The purpose of this report was to examine the course of smoking among pregnant women with concurrent substance use, and to assess the impact of depression on smoking.Methods
Data were gathered as part of a randomized controlled trial assessing the efficacy of substance abuse treatment in pregnant women. Women (n = 176) were recruited before 28 completed weeks of pregnancy, and followed until 3 months postpartum. Depression was assessed using the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology and the MINI Neuropsychiatric Interview. Our outcome was the average number of cigarettes smoked per day. Linear mixed effects regression was used to measure differential changes in smoking.Results
66% of women smoked in the three months before pregnancy, 42% of pre-pregnancy smokers achieved abstinence before delivery and 60% of the baseline cohort smoked postpartum. Smoking did not differ significantly between depressed and non-depressed groups. After delivery both groups increased smoking at similar rates.Conclusion
Smoking was common among our cohort of pregnant women with a history of substance use. Women were able to discontinue or decrease smoking during pregnancy, but were likely to resume or increase smoking postpartum. Having clinically significant depressive symptoms or a diagnosis of depression did not have an obvious effect on smoking behaviors. 相似文献8.
Galasko D Kershaw PR Schneider L Zhu Y Tariot PN 《Journal of the American Geriatrics Society》2004,52(7):1070-1076
OBJECTIVES: To examine the effect of galantamine on activities of daily living (ADLs) with respect to baseline dementia severity, correlation with cognitive and global function, specific ADLs affected, and maintenance of ADL independence. DESIGN: Secondary analysis of a 5-month randomized, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING: Multiple U.S. clinical centers. PARTICIPANTS: Six hundred fifty-nine patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD) who completed 5 months of treatment. INTERVENTION: Galantamine at a maintenance dose of 16 or 24 mg/d. MEASUREMENTS: The AD Cooperative Study ADL Inventory (ADCS/ADL). RESULTS: Galantamine resulted in more improvement in ADCS/ADL scores than placebo regardless of baseline dementia severity, with the greatest differences occurring in patients with more severe disease. Changes in ADCS/ADL scores correlated significantly with change scores on the cognitive subscale of the AD Assessment Scale (r=-0.24). Galantamine treatment resulted in maintenance or improvement of basic and instrumental ADLs, and change from baseline to Month 5 in scores for each individual ADL item favored galantamine over placebo in three of six basic ADLs and six of 17 instrumental ADLs. CONCLUSION: Galantamine has a favorable effect on ADL performance in patients with AD, detectable after 5 months of treatment, regardless of dementia severity. The ADCS/ADL appears to better measure distinct abilities that may be relevant not only in clinical trials but also in individual patients than do cognitive assessments. 相似文献
9.
10.
Research indicates female sex workers use condoms more consistently with their clients than with regular, non-commercial partners
(partners). The purpose of this study was to better understand the relationship between couple communication and HIV risk
behavior by examining (1) sex worker-partner divergence on communication measures and (2) the association between intra-couple
communication divergence and consistent condom use. In this cross-sectional study, 50 sex workers and their partners in Hai
Phong, Viet Nam were separately asked about their relationships and condom use. When asked about HIV risk communication in
their relationship, sex workers reported significantly higher HIV communication content than their partners (p < 0.001). Higher communication divergence between partners was associated with a decreased likelihood of consistent condom
use (OR 0.54 95% CI 0.30, 0.97). Sex workers urgently need interventions that build their communication skills and address
their risk behavior in non-commercial relationships. 相似文献