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AIDS and Behavior - Although misperceived norms often drive personal health behaviors, we do not know about this phenomenon in the context of antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence. We conducted a...  相似文献   
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Spindler  L.  Alam  A.  Fathallah  N.  Rentien  A.-L.  Draullette  M.  Pommaret  E.  Thierry  M.-L.  Mituialy  A. El  Abbes  L.  Aubert  M.  Benfredj  P.  Far  E. Safa  Beaussier  H.  de Parades  V. 《Techniques in coloproctology》2022,26(2):143-146
Techniques in Coloproctology - The aim of our study was to assess the efficacy of sinus laser therapy (SiLaT) for the treatment of pilonidal disease. All adult patients treated with SiLaT in our...  相似文献   
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The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging - Global longitudinal strain (GLS) has proven to be a powerful prognostic marker in various patient populations, but the prognostic value of...  相似文献   
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Numerous studies showed that postural balance improves through light touch on a stable surface highlighting the importance of haptic information, seemingly downplaying the mechanical contributions of the support. The present study examined the mechanical effects of canes for assisting balance in healthy individuals challenged by standing on a beam. Sixteen participants supported themselves with two canes, one in each hand, and applied minimal, preferred, or maximum force onto the canes. They positioned the canes in the frontal plane or in a tripod configuration. Statistical analysis used a linear mixed model to evaluate the effects on the center of pressure and the center of mass. The canes significantly reduced the variability of the center of pressure and the center of mass to the same level as when standing on the ground. Increasing the exerted force beyond the preferred level yielded no further benefits, although in the preferred force condition, participants exploited the altered mechanics by resting their arms on the canes. The tripod configuration allowed for larger variability of the center of pressure in the task-irrelevant anterior–posterior dimension. High forces had a destabilizing effect on the canes: the displacement of the hand on the cane handle increased with the force. Given this static instability, these results show that using canes can provide not only mechanical benefits but also challenges. From a control perspective, effort can be reduced by resting the arms on the canes and by channeling noise in the task-irrelevant dimensions. However, larger forces exerted onto the canes can also have destabilizing effects and the instability of the canes needs to be counteracted, possibly by arm and shoulder stiffness. Insights into the variety of mechanical effects is important for the design of canes and the instructions of how to use them.  相似文献   
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BackgroundReverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) primarily varies between 2 implant design options: a 135 humeral stem inclination that closely resembles anatomic orientation, versus the Grammont-style 155 humeral stem inclination that further medializes and distalizes the center of rotation (COR). The purpose of this study was to compare deltoid force, glenoid strain, and simulated glenohumeral range of motion (ROM) between RSA 135 and RSA 155 designs, with a series of standardized permutations of glenosphere offset and rotator cuff pathology.MethodsTwelve fresh-frozen cadaveric shoulder specimens were studied using a shoulder simulator. Native shoulder motion profiles for reproducible abduction range of motion were established using a customized testing device. Optical 3-dimensional tracking and pressure sensors were used to accurately record glenohumeral range of motion (ROM), deltoid force, and glenoid strain for RSA 135 and RSA 155 designs. For each cohort, all combinations of glenosphere offsets and rotator cuff tendon involvement were evaluated.ResultsThere was no significant difference in the overall abduction ROM between the 155 and the 135 humeral stem implants (P = .75). Resting abduction angle and maximum abduction angle were significantly greater with a 155 + STD (standard offset) construct than with a 135 + STD construct (P < .001 and P = .01, respectively). Both stem inclinations decreased combined deltoid force requirements as compared the native shoulder with a massive cuff tear. Effective glenoid strain did not vary significantly between 135 + STD and 155 + STD constructs (P = .66).ConclusionOverall, range of motion between the 135 and the 155 humeral stem inclinations was not significantly different. The cumulative deltoid force was lower in RSA shoulders when compared to native shoulders with massive rotator cuff tears, highlighting the utility of both implant designs. The Grammont-style 155 stem coupled with a 2.5 mm inferior offset glenosphere required less deltoid force to reach maximum abduction than did the more anatomic, lateralized 135 stem coupled with a 4 mm lateral offset glenosphere.Level of EvidenceBasic Science, Biomechanics Controlled Laboratory Study  相似文献   
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International Ophthalmology - This study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes up to 10&nbsp;years after Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK). In this retrospective, consecutive,...  相似文献   
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Background

Cognitive difficulties are common in people with severe mental disorders (SMDs) and various measures of cognition are of proven validity. However, there is a lack of systematic evidence regarding the psychometric properties of these measures in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Objective

To systematically review the psychometric properties of cognitive measures validated in people with SMDs in LMICs.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review of the literature by searching from four electronic databases. Two authors independently screened studies for their eligibility. Measurement properties of measures in all included studies were extracted. All eligible measures were assessed against criteria set for clinical and research recommendations. Results are summarized narratively and measures were grouped by measurement type and population.

Results

We identified 23 unique measures from 28 studies. None of these was from low-income settings. Seventeen of the measures were performance-based. The majority (n = 16/23) of the measures were validated in people with schizophrenia. The most commonly reported measurement properties were: known group, convergent, and divergent validity (n = 25/28). For most psychometric property, studies of methodological qualities were found to be doubtful. Among measures evaluated in people with schizophrenia, Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia, Cognitive Assessment Interview, MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery, and CogState Schizophrenia Battery were with the highest scores for clinical and research recommendation.

Conclusions

Studies included in our review provide only limited quality evidence and future studies should consider adapting and validating measures using stronger designs and methods. Nonetheless, validated assessments of cognition could help in the management and allocating therapy in people with SMDs in LMICs.

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