Recent trends in the prevalence of Helicobacter Pylori in symptomatic children: A 12-year retrospective study in a tertiary centre

Objective

Helicobacter pylori infection is common among Asians. However, evidence in the recent years has demonstrated a decrease in the prevalence of H. pylori infection among children and adults worldwide. Our aim was to update its prevalence in symptomatic children in our locality in the recent 12?years and compared to the results of our previous review published in 2005.

Survey of major chronic iIlnesses and hospital admissions via the emergency department in a randomized older population in Randwick,Australia

Objective: To find out if patients with chronic illnesses living in the community are at risk of unplanned hospital admissions through emergency departments; what types of chronic illnesses may be putative risk factors; and if an increase in the number of chronic illnesses may be associated with increased risk. Methods: The survey included the completion of a standardized questionnaire for medical illnesses in a random sample of older people dwelling in the community and analysis of admission records to our hospital. The principal diagnoses for admissions were recorded. The risk factors for admissions were analysed. Results: Five hundred and twenty‐six (239 men and 287 women) people aged 55 years and over were interviewed. Musculoskeletal disorders, hypertension, gastrointestinal disorders and ischaemic heart disease were the most frequently reported of the chronic illnesses surveyed. A total number of 70 people from the survey group with a total of 115 admissions through emergency departments were recorded. Using logistic regression model, hypertension, ischaemic heart disease and age were found to be risk factors for emergency admissions amongst this group of community‐dwelling residents. The ratios were 2.03 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2–3.44), 2.02 (95% CI: 1.16–3.49) and 1.05 (95% CI: 1.02–1.09), respectively. Furthermore, multiple (three or more) chronic illnesses were found to be a strong predictor of hospital admission via emergency department (chi‐square = 16.647, DF = 1, P‐value < 0.001). Conclusion: We conclude that there was significant association between multiple chronic diseases and emergency admissions for older people. Of these, hypertension and ischaemic heart disease were found to be significant predictors. Age per se was found to be of borderline significance.     

原代培养猪甲状腺细胞及甲状腺过氧化物酶活性与氟化钠的影响

目的:流行病学调查结果显示,地方性氟中毒与甲状腺肿的流行有很大的重叠性。探讨氟化钠对原代培养猪甲状腺细胞及甲状腺过氧化物酶活性的影响。方法:实验于2006-10/2007-05在辽宁医学院科学实验室中心完成。①实验方法:在猪死亡1h内取其甲状腺组织,去除甲状腺组织包膜及外层活性差的组织,选取中央活性高的部位,剪成1mm3组织块,用胰蛋白酶、胶原酶Ⅳ消化分离,得到含猪甲状腺细胞的消化液,沉淀悬于含体积分数为0.15的胎牛血清、1U/L牛促甲状腺素、80万U/L庆大霉素的F12培养基中,过滤,调整细胞浓度至5×105L-1,接种培养,每3d更换培养液。常规培养48h的猪甲状腺细胞接种于96孔培养板,按氟化钠终浓度不同分为0,40,80,160mg/L组。②实验评估:染毒48h后,采用噻唑蓝法测定细胞存活量,采用改良愈创木酚法测定甲状腺过氧化物酶活性。结果:①氟化钠对原代培养猪甲状腺细胞存活量的影响:与0mg/L氟化钠比较,40mg/L氟化钠染毒后猪甲状腺细胞的存活量基本相似;80,160mg/L氟化钠染毒后猪甲状腺细胞的存活量均明显下降(P<0.01)。②氟化钠对甲状腺过氧化物酶活性的影响:与0mg/L氟化钠比较,40,80,160mg/L氟化钠染毒后的甲状腺过氧化物酶活性均明显下降(P<0.01),呈剂量-效应关系。结论:氟化钠对原代培养的猪甲状腺细胞及甲状腺过氧化物酶活性均具有抑制作用。     

澳大利亚悉尼西南区内镜下胃造瘘术在脑卒中后吞咽功能障碍患者中的应用分析

目的 探讨脑卒中后吞咽功能障碍患者经皮内镜下胃造瘘术(PEG)术前各种因素与术后死亡之间的关系,评估放置PEG管的必要性.方法 52例入组患者,详细记录了PEG前各种参数及术后生存情况,并分析病例的死亡时间特点.对术前和术后的肺炎以及消化道出血情况进行比较分析.结果 52例患者随访期内总共死亡16例,其中15例(93.4％)在术后3个月内死亡.年龄和美国麻醉师协会(ASA)评分显示与死亡有独立相关性,P值分别为0.026及0.001.PEG管置放前后吸入性肺炎发生率(50.0％比34.6％)及上消化道出血的发生率(5.8％比7.7％)比较,差异无统计学意义.结论 放置了PEG管后多数死亡病例是在短期内(3个月)出现.年龄、ASA评分与卒中患者放置PEG管后的死亡风险相关.PEG并不能降低卒中患者吸入性肺炎及消化道出血的发生率.     

体内埋植实验比较全氟丙氧基聚四氟乙烯与传统硅胶的生物相容性

目的:通过动物埋植实验评估新型生物植入材料全氟丙氧基聚四氟乙烯的生物相容性。方法:实验于2004-09/2006-04在上海交大化学化工学院和上海交大附属第一人民医院耳鼻喉头颈外科实验室完成。①实验材料:采用四氟乙烯、六氟丙烷等原料在反应瓮中以一定的温度和压力,用特定的催化剂合成全氟丙氧基聚四氟乙烯(Mr105～107),半透明状,质地与硅胶类似。用临床目前常用的隆鼻硅胶假体商品作为对照。②实验分组:取健康杂种豚鼠30只,按随机数字表法编号后将消毒后的全氟丙氧基聚四氟乙烯和硅胶模块分别置入左右后腿浅筋膜与肌肉层之间。植入全氟丙氧基聚四氟乙烯材料为新材料组,植入硅胶材料为硅胶组。为防止系统误差,编号为单数的豚鼠左后腿放置新材料,右后腿放硅胶;编号为双数的豚鼠左后腿放置硅胶,右后腿放新材料。完成手术后继续饲养豚鼠,1～10,11～20,21～30号豚鼠分别于术后15,30,60d麻醉后处死,取出埋植模块周围组织,苏木精-伊红染色。实验评估:光镜下观察埋入材料周围组织、细胞的反应和变化,判断两种材料的生物相容性差异。结果:所有豚鼠安全经受了手术,术后未出现感染,也未使用抗生素。25号豚鼠右腿出现排异反应,术后10d埋藏的硅胶排出,排出后切口自然愈合。所有豚鼠切口正常愈合。①植入后15d,两种材料周围均见大量中性粒细胞浸润,并伴有明显血管充血,材料周围无囊壁形成。②植入30d时,材料周围无明显囊壁形成,周围见大量中性粒细胞。硅胶组中发现周边组织明显渗血。③植入60d时,新材料组囊壁厚度明显薄于硅胶组[分别为(35.01±14.03),(66.63±17.96)μm],差异有显著性意义(t=6.849,P<0.01)。结论:全氟丙氧基聚四氟乙烯材料的生物相容性优于传统硅胶材料。