Elevated body temperature (T
core) is associated with poor outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Brain temperature (T
brain) is usually higher than T
core. However, the implication of this difference (T
delta) remains unclear. We aimed to study factors associated with higher T
delta and its association with outcome. We included 46 SAH patients undergoing multimodal neuromonitoring, for a total of 7879 h of averaged data of T
core, T
brain, cerebral blood flow, cerebral perfusion pressure, intracranial pressure and cerebral metabolism (CMD). Three-months good functional outcome was defined as modified Rankin Scale ≤2. T
brain was tightly correlated with T
core (r = 0.948,
p < 0.01), and was higher in 73.7% of neuromonitoring time (T
delta +0.18°C, IQR −0.01 – 0.37°C). A higher T
delta was associated with better metabolic state, indicated by lower CMD-glutamate (
p = 0.003) and CMD-lactate (
p < 0.001), and lower risk of mitochondrial dysfunction (MD) (OR = 0.2,
p < 0.001). During MD, T
delta was significantly lower (0°C, IQR −0.2 – 0.1;
p < 0.001). A higher T
delta was associated with improved outcome (OR = 7.7,
p = 0.002). Our study suggests that T
brain is associated with brain metabolic activity and exceeds T
core when mitochondrial function is preserved. Further studies are needed to understand how T
delta may serve as a surrogate marker for brain function and predict clinical course and outcome after SAH.
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