Chirurgische Therapie von Tumoren im Bereich des Ober- und Unterkiefers

best practice onkologie - Die heterogene Gruppe der Kopf-Hals-Tumoren zählt zu den häufigsten malignen Erkrankungen weltweit, wobei ein großer Teil von den Schleimhäuten der...     

Rodent models of diet-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus: A literature review and selection guide

Several research teams have focused on finding the “ideal” animal model that reflects the pathophysiological changes and closely simulates the metabolic characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes. However, the multitude of studies on this topic has resulted in large variations, making the models difficult to compare, as the measured parameters vary significantly. Additionally, selecting the appropriate animal model for a new study has become more difficult due to the increasing number of background variables. This article gives a detailed overview of the literature, covering the entire range of animal models and model characteristics, and most importantly, provides guidance for selecting the most suitable model for specific research goals in the future.     

Alien limb phenomenon following posterior cerebral artery stroke: a distinct clinical entity

Journal of Neurology - Alien limb syndrome following stroke within the territory of the posterior cerebral artery is exceedingly rare. A right-handed female experienced left homonymous hemianopia,...     

Radiation Dose Reduction in Pediatric Cardiac Computed Tomography: Experience from a Tertiary Medical Center

Cardiac CT angiography (cCTA) has become an established method for the assessment of congenital heart disease. However, the potential harmful effects of ionizing radiation must be considered, particularly in younger, more radiosensitive patients. In this study, we sought to assess the temporal change in radiation doses from pediatric cCTA during an 8-year period at a tertiary medical center. This retrospective study included all patients ≤18 years old who were referred to electrocardiography (ECG)-gated cCTA for the assessment of congenital heart disease or inflammatory disease (Kawasaki disease) from November 2004 to September 2012. During the study period, 95 patients were scanned using 3 different scanner models—64-slice multidetector CT (64-MDCT) and first- (64-DSCT) and second-generation (128-DSCT) dual-source CT—and 3 scan protocols—retrospective ECG-gated helical scanning (RG), prospective ECG-triggered axial scanning (PT), or prospective ECG-triggered high-pitch helical scanning (HPH). Effective dose (ED) was calculated with the dose length product method with a conversion factor (k) adjusted for age. ED was then compared among scan protocols. Image quality was extracted from clinical cCTA reports when available. Overall, 94 % of scans were diagnostic (80 % for 64-slice MDCT, 93 % for 64-slice DSCT, and 97 % for 128-slice DSCT).With 128-DSCT, median ED (1.0 [range 0.6–2.0] mSv) decreased by 85.8 % and 66.8 % compared with 64-MDCT (6.8 [range 2.9–13.6] mSv) and 64-DSCT (2.9 [range 0.9–4.1] mSv), respectively. With HPH, median ED (0.9 [range 0.6–1.8] mSv) decreased by 59.4 % and 85.4 % compared with PT (2.2 [range 0.9–3.4] mSv) and RG (6.1 [range 2.5–10.6] mSv). cCTA can now be obtained at very low radiation doses in pediatric patients using the latest dual-source CT technology in combination with prospective ECG-triggered HPH acquisition.