Solid‐type poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the stomach: Deficiency of mismatch repair and SWI/SNF complex

ARID1A, one of the subunits in SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, is frequently mutated in gastric cancers with microsatellite instability (MSI). The most frequent MSI in solid‐type poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (PDA) has been reported, but the SWI/SNF complex status in solid‐type PDA is still largely unknown. We retrospectively analyzed 54 cases of solid‐type PDA for the expressions of mismatch repair (MMR) proteins (MLH1, PMS2, MSH2, and MSH6), SWI/SNF complex subunits (ARID1A, INI1, BRG1, BRM, BAF155, and BAF170) and EBER, and mutations in KRAS and BRAF. We analyzed 40 cases of another histological type of gastric cancer as a control group. The solid‐type PDAs showed coexisting glandular components (76%), MMR deficiency (39%), and complete/partial loss of ARID1A (31%/7%), INI1 (4%/4%), BRG1 (48%/30%), BRM (33%/33%), BAF155 (13%/41%), and BAF170 (6%/2%), EBER positivity (4%), KRAS mutation (2%), and BRAF mutation (2%). Compared to the control group, MMR deficiency and losses of ARID1A, BRG1, BRM, and BAF155 were significantly frequent in solid‐type PDAs. Mismatch repair deficiency was associated with the losses of ARID1A, BRG1, and BAF155 in solid‐type PDAs. In the MMR‐deficient group, solid components showed significantly more frequent losses of ARID1A, BRG1, BRM, and BAF155 compared to glandular components (P = .0268, P = .0181, P = .0224, and P = .0071, respectively). In the MMR‐proficient group, solid components showed significantly more frequent loss of BRG1 compared to glandular components (P = .012). In conclusion, solid‐type PDAs showed frequent losses of MMR proteins and the SWI/SNF complex. We suggest that loss of the SWI/SNF complex could induce a morphological shift from differentiated‐type adenocarcinoma to solid‐type PDA.     

Assessment of the knowledge,attitudes, and practices among UNRWA health staff in Jordan concerning mental health programme pre-implementation: a cross-sectional study

Background

Mental health is a major public health priority, particularly among refugees worldwide. The United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees (UNRWA) started to integrate mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) into its primary health-care services in Jordan in late 2017. This baseline study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, practices, and perceived barriers among UNRWA health staff regarding the implementation of the MHPSS programme.

Optimal cut-off value of preprocedural geriatric nutritional risk index for predicting the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing endovascular revascularization for peripheral artery disease

BackgroundMalnutrition measured by the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) was reported to be associated with poor prognosis for patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). However, the optimal cut-off value of preprocedural GNRI for critical limb ischemia (CLI) and intermittent claudication (IC) is unknown. We aimed to determine its optimal cut-off value for CLI or IC patients requiring endovascular revascularization.MethodsWe explored data of 2246 patients (CLI: n = 1061, IC: n = 1185) registered in the Tokyo-taMA peripheral vascular intervention research COmraDE (TOMA-CODE) registry, which prospectively enrolled consecutive PAD patients who underwent endovascular revascularization in 34 hospitals in Japan from August 2014 to August 2016. The optimal cut-off values of GNRI were assessed by the survival classification and regression tree (CART) analyses, and the survival curve analyses for major adverse cardiovascular and limb events (MACLEs) were performed for these cut-off values.ResultsIn addition to the first cut-off value of 96.2 in CLI and 85.6 in IC, the survival CART provided an additional cut-off value of 78.2 in CLI and 106.0 in IC for further risk stratification. The survival curve was significantly stratified by the GNRI-based malnutrition status in both CLI [high risk: 47.7% (51/107), moderate: 30.1% (118/392), and low: 10.2% (53/520), log–rank p < 0.001] and IC [high risk: 14.3% (7/49), moderate: 4.5% (29/646), and low: 0.5% (2/407), log–rank p < 0.001]. The multivariate Cox-proportional hazard analysis showed that a higher GNRI was significantly associated with a better outcome in both CLI [hazard ratio (HR) per 1-point increase: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.96–0.98, p < 0.001] and IC (HR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.91–0.97, p < 0.001).ConclusionsPreprocedural nutritional status significantly stratified future events in patients with PAD. Given that the optimal cut-off value of GNRI in CLI was almost 10-points lower than that of IC, using a disease-specific cut-off value is important for risk stratification.     

Quality of life after single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A randomized,clinical trial

Background

Controversy continues as to whether single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy, with the somewhat larger incision at the umbilicus, may lead to a worse postoperative quality of life and more pain compared with the more classic 4-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The aim of this study was to compare single-incision and 4-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy from the perspective of quality of life.

Clinicopathological analysis of immunohistochemical expression of CD47 and SIRPα in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma

The interaction of CD47 and signal-regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα) induces “don't eat me signal”, leading suppression of phagocytosis. This signal can affect the clinical course of malignant disease. Although CD47 and SIRPα expression are associated with clinicopathological features in several neoplasms, the investigation for adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) has not been well-documented. This study aimed to declare the association between CD47 and SIRPα expression and clinicopathological features in ATLL. We performed immunostaining on 73 biopsy samples and found that CD47 is primarily expressed in tumor cells, while SIRPα is expressed in non-neoplastic stromal cells. CD47 positive cases showed significantly higher FoxP3 (P = .0232) and lower CCR4 (P = .0214). SIRPα positive cases presented significantly better overall survival than SIRPα negative cases (P = .0132). SIRPα positive cases showed significantly HLA class I (P = .0062), HLA class II (P = .0133), microenvironment PD-L1 (miPD-L1) (P = .0032), and FoxP3 (P = .0229) positivity. In univariate analysis, SIRPα expression was significantly related to prognosis (Hazard ratio [HR] 0.470; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.253-0.870; P = .0167], although multivariate analysis did not show SIPRα as an independent prognostic factor. The expression of SIRPα on stromal cells reflects activated immune surveillance mechanism in tumor microenvironment and induce good prognosis in ATLL. More detailed studies for gene expression or genomic abnormalities will disclose clinical and biological significance of the CD47 and SIRPα in ATLL.