城市社区老年人生活质量研究

目的 描述社区老年人生活质量的现状,探讨影响老年人生活质量的相关因素.方法 采用分层整群抽样方法,应用世界卫生组织生活质量量表和社会支持评定量表等对北京市西城区60~80岁老人进行生活质量调查.结果 在2342名社区老人中,91.89%能获得社会支持,6.32%有焦虑情绪,8.58%有抑郁情绪.老年人的生活质量与家庭类型、家人关系、月收入、退休适应、情绪调节、锻炼、焦虑、抑郁和社会支持等因素有关.结论 北京市西城区老年人生活质量及获得的社会支持均较高,生活质量与家庭类型等诸多因素有关.     

北京市某城区严重精神障碍患者流行病学特征分析

目的:了解北京市某城区严重精神障碍患者的患病率及流行病学特征,为开展严重精神障碍的社区防治和康复工作提供依据。方法:选取2017年9月30日前某城区纳入北京市精神卫生信息管理系统的患者,采用描述性分析方法对其进行流行病学特征分析。结果:北京市某城区常住人口为129.8万人,登记在册的严重精神障碍患者5 104例,时点患病率为3.93‰(5 104/1298 000)。在六类严重精神障碍患者中,精神分裂症4 047例,构成比79.29%,占3/4以上,患病率为3.12‰;其次为双相情感障碍711例,构成比占13.93%,患病率为0.55‰。男性严重精神障碍患病率为3.91‰(2 509/641 000),女性严重精神障碍患病率为3.95‰(2 595/657 000),差异无统计学意义(X~2=0.105,P0.05)。严重精神障碍以55~64岁年龄段患病人数最多,占31.2%;文化程度以初中为主,占比42.3%;未婚和离异占比52.2%,高于普通人群。结论:精神分裂症、双相情感障碍和癫痫所致的精神障碍是北京市某城区严重精神障碍社区防治和康复的重点,不同类型的严重精神障碍患者具有不同的人口学特征,在社区管理过程中应采取不同的防治措施。     

心理干预对社区老年人生活质量的影响研究

目的 探讨心理干预对社区老年人生活质量的影响.方法 将北京市西城区2 342名60～75 岁社区老年人按系统抽样法随机分为干预组和对照组.干预组采取心理讲座、团体心理辅导和个体心理咨询等方法进行心理干预,对照组观察其自然变化,比较两组干预前后生活质量的评分.结果 干预前干预组与对照组各项评分差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05);干预后干预组生理领域[(15.4±2.0)分 比(14.7±2.3)分]、心理领域[(15.4±1.4)分比(14.7±1.6)分]、独立性领域[(15.5±1.9)分 比(14.7±2.2)分]、社会关系领域[(15.1±1.3)分比(14.5±1.5)分]、环境领域[(15.5±1.4)分 比(13.7±1.6)分]和总的生存质量评分[(14.9±1.9)分比(14.1±2.3)分]均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 心理干预能提高社区老年人的生活质量,对社区老年人进行心理干预具有重要的公共卫生意义.     

北京市西城区老人的主观幸福度

Background

In 2010 the Beijing Municipal Government promulgated a policy aimed at improving the quality of life and subjective well-being of elderly residents that included a component focused on mental health.

Aim

Identify factors associated with subjective well-being in a representative sample of elderly residents of Xi Cheng District in Beijing.

Methods

This cross-sectional study administered a self-completion survey to a stratified random sample of 2342 residents of Xi Cheng District who were 60 to 80 years of age. The level of well-being was assessed using a validated Chinese version of the Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness (MUNSH). Detailed socioeconomic variables were obtained using a questionnaire developed by the authors. Social support, anxiety, and depression were assessed using validated Chinese versions of the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS).

Results

Among the 2342 respondents, 1616 (69.0%) had a total MUNSH score of 32 or above, indicating a high level of happiness; 423 (18.1%) has a total SSRS score 32 or below, indicating poor social support; 201 (8.6%) had a total SDS score of 53 or above, indicating significant depression; and 126 (5.3%) had a total SAS score of 50 or above, indicating significant anxiety. In the multivariate regression analysis the self-reported level of depression was the most important factor related to well-being. Anxiety, social support, income level, the quality of family relationships, the ability to self-regulate emotions, and regular exercise were also significantly related to well-being; but gender, marital status, age and educational level were not associated with well-being.

Conclusion

Among elderly urban residents in Beijing, self-reports of poor subjective well-being are closely associated with self-reports of depressive and anxiety symptoms and also associated with social factors such as social support, income level and family relationships. Prospective studies are needed to identify the causal relationships of these variables and, based on the findings, to develop targeted interventions aimed at improving the quality of life and well-being of elderly community members.     

北京市某区266例社区严重精神障碍患者及疑似患者应急医疗处置情况分析

目的了解北京市某区社区严重精神障碍患者及疑似患者应急医疗处置情况,并分析其相关因素。方法收集北京市某区2017年-2018年266例有危险行为的精神障碍患者应急医疗处置的基本信息,包括疾病病种、处置缘由、处置措施、应急医疗处置信息来源等,并对应急医疗处置案例的相关因素进行分析。结果应急医疗处置发生时,在档患者208例(78.2%),非在档疑似患者58例(21.8%)。应急医疗处置后,有26例(44.8%)非在档疑似患者明确诊断,纳入社区管理;存在危害公共安全或他人安全风险的131例(49.2%);采取紧急住院治疗141例(53.0%);危险性评级1级122例(45.9%);不同性别的患者危险性评级差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.837,P<0.05),3~5级危险性评级中男性占比更多;病情复发、精神状况恶化117例(44.0%);由患者家属提出应急医疗处置需求的最多,为138例(51.9%)。结论男性、青壮年、精神分裂症患者及疑似患者是应急医疗处置的主要相关因素。处置缘由以存在危害公共安全或他人安全的风险为主。