免疫抑制剂对肾移植术后新发糖尿病的影响

目的 探讨免疫抑制剂对肾移植术后新发糖尿病的影响.方法 对本院2004至2008年期间实施的同种异体肾移植患者资料进行回顾性分析,研究肾移植术后糖尿病发病情况,并按免疫抑制剂的不同分为环孢素A组和他克莫司两组,探讨不同免疫抑制剂对新发糖尿病的影响.结果 入选532例,新发糖尿病发生率6.0%(32/532).两组患者的年龄、性别、体质量、术前空腹血糖差异无统计学意义(均为P>0.05).他克莫司组糖尿病发病率[8.5%(20/236)]明显高于环孢素A组[4.1%(12/296)],P<0.05.结论 他克莫司可能与新发糖尿病有关.     

老年活体亲属供肾移植的安全性分析

目的 探讨老年活体亲属供肾移植供体、受体的围手术期并发症、疗效及安全性.方法 亲属活体供肾移植132例,分为老年供体组(≥55岁,43例)和中青年供体组(＜55岁,89例);对供受体的住院时间、手术前后血肌酐(SCr)、内生肌酐清除率(CCr)、肾小球滤过率(GFR)、并发症以及受体的急性排斥反应率、人/肾存活率等进行比较分析.结果 2组供者术前SCr分别为(77.67±15.21)、(83.09±15.98)μmol/L,术后7 d分别为(109.54±22.32)、(106.56±23.46)μmol/L,均在正常范围内,2组间各时间点比较差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05).术后3个月2组供者SCr分别为(112.57±20.87)、(104.29±19.43)μmol/L,与术前比较分别上升44.93%和25.51%,老年供体组比中青年供体组供者scr升高更明显.差异有统计学意义(P=0.0268).2组术前CCr分别为(1.63±0.34)、(1.56±0.25)ml/s,术后10 d分别为(0.83±0.29)、(1.11±0.27)ml/s.老年供体组术后3个月CCr为(0.97±0.10)ml/s,中青年供体组为(1.16±0.17)ml/s.2组手术前后CCr变化差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).老年供体组术后10 d的留存肾GFR为(36.58±13.26)ml/min,术后3个月增加至(52.31±12.74)ml/min,达到原双肾GFR[(73.01±20.96)ml/min]的71.65%.中青年供体组术后10 d GFR为(38.32±10.79)ml/min,术后3个月增至(56.31±12.95)m1/min,达到原双肾GFR[(78.34±20.98)ml/min]的71.88%.手术前后GFR变化差异均无统计学意义,P值均＞0.05.供者手术并发症包括术中脾脏包膜下血肿1例、降结肠破裂1例和切口脂肪液化5例.术前和术后各时间点2组受者SCr水平差异无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05).2组供者平均住院时间分别为(13.2±3.4)和(12.8±2.6)d,P=0.4563.2组受者平均住院时间分别为(23.1±11.9)和(22.3士11.4)d,P=0.6991.老年供体组受者6个月内急性排斥反应发生率为4.7%(2/43),中青年供体组为7.9%(7/89).术后1年内2组各死亡1例,中青年供体组因急性排斥反应移植肾失功1例.结论 老年活体亲属供肾可能存在一定危险性,应予以重视,但供体年龄并非独立风险因素.在严格控制老年供者的纳入标准、对供者进行全面系统评估的情况下,老年供体活体肾移植的供体和受体围手术期并发症/疗效及安全性与中青年供体比较无明显差异.     

肾移植术后带状疱疹治疗的临床研究

目的 探讨中西医结合治疗肾移植术后带状疱疹有效的方法.方法 中西医结合治疗组14例：口服阿昔洛韦0.4g,5次/d,强的松片15mg早晨顿服,加服中药龙胆泻肝汤加减.对照组13例：口服阿昔洛韦0.4g,5次/d,强的松片15mg早晨顿服.结果 中西医结合治疗组14例中中痊愈13例,痊愈率92.85%,临床有效率100%.对照组13例中痊愈10例,痊愈率76.92%,临床有效率84%.结论 中西医结合治疗方法可缩短疗程,治愈率高,减少后遗症神经痛的发生率.     

老年活体供肾移植术后供者安全性及受者移植效果的分析

Objective To investigate the safety for donors and the effectiveness for recipients of living-related donor (LRD) kidney transplantation from elder donors. Methods 251 cases of LRD kidney transplantation were reviewed. According to the age of LRDs, the patients were divided into 2 groups:≥55 years group (group A) and <55 years (group B). The parameters studied included serum creatinine (Cr), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), creatinine clearance (Ccr), perioperative complications, average hospital stay, and acute rejection rate of LRDs and recipients were compared. Results (1)There was no significant difference in serum Cr between groups A and B at different time points (P>0.05). (2)There was no significant difference in Ccr between two groups pre-donation (P = 0.45). But at the 10th day after the donor nephrectomy, Ccr level in group A was significant lower than in group B (P<0.01). (3)Total GFR pre-donation, remaining renal GFR, and remaining renal GFR on the day 10 after donation had no significant difference in both groups A and B (P>0.05). Remaining renal GFR on the day 10 before and after donation had no significant difference in group A (P>0.05), but on the day 10 after donation that was significantly increased in group B as compared with that pre-donation (P<0.01). (4) The serum Cr of recipients at different time points after transplantation had no significant difference between two groups (P>0.05). (5) The mean hospital stay after donation of LRDs and recipients had no significant difference between two groups. (6) The incidence of recipients" acute rejection was 6.50 % (5/77) in group A, and 5.75%(10/174) in group B within 6 months after operation (P = 0.95). Conclusion Transplantations performed from the elderly donors will yield similar results from younger donors if the eider donors are evaluated or assessed as the standards.     

老年活体供肾移植术后供者安全性及受者移植效果的分析

Objective To investigate the safety for donors and the effectiveness for recipients of living-related donor (LRD) kidney transplantation from elder donors. Methods 251 cases of LRD kidney transplantation were reviewed. According to the age of LRDs, the patients were divided into 2 groups:≥55 years group (group A) and <55 years (group B). The parameters studied included serum creatinine (Cr), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), creatinine clearance (Ccr), perioperative complications, average hospital stay, and acute rejection rate of LRDs and recipients were compared. Results (1)There was no significant difference in serum Cr between groups A and B at different time points (P>0.05). (2)There was no significant difference in Ccr between two groups pre-donation (P = 0.45). But at the 10th day after the donor nephrectomy, Ccr level in group A was significant lower than in group B (P<0.01). (3)Total GFR pre-donation, remaining renal GFR, and remaining renal GFR on the day 10 after donation had no significant difference in both groups A and B (P>0.05). Remaining renal GFR on the day 10 before and after donation had no significant difference in group A (P>0.05), but on the day 10 after donation that was significantly increased in group B as compared with that pre-donation (P<0.01). (4) The serum Cr of recipients at different time points after transplantation had no significant difference between two groups (P>0.05). (5) The mean hospital stay after donation of LRDs and recipients had no significant difference between two groups. (6) The incidence of recipients" acute rejection was 6.50 % (5/77) in group A, and 5.75%(10/174) in group B within 6 months after operation (P = 0.95). Conclusion Transplantations performed from the elderly donors will yield similar results from younger donors if the eider donors are evaluated or assessed as the standards.     

移植肾动脉狭窄的诊断和治疗探讨

目 的 探讨移植肾动脉狭窄(TRAS)的临床特点及诊治方法。方 法 回顾我院1999年3月至2009年8月共1084例肾移植患者的临床资料,对移植肾动脉狭窄患者的发病特点及诊治方法进行总结分析。结 果 共1084例肾移植患者,尸体肾移植876例,活体肾移植208例,发生移植肾动脉狭窄共6例,总发生率为0.55%,其中5例发生于尸体肾移植,其发生率为0.57%;1例发生于活体肾移植,其发生率为0.48%。其中5例为供肾动脉与受者髂外动脉行端侧吻合,其发生率为0.57%（5/872）,另1例为供肾动脉与受者髂内动脉行端端吻合,其发生率为0.47%（1/212）。狭窄发生部位：动脉吻合口狭窄4例,移植肾上段动脉1例,肾动脉主干1例。6例患者表现为血压突然升高、常规降压药物疗效欠满意、尿量明显减少、血肌酐进行性升高,均先经彩色多普勒血流显像（CDFI）进行筛查,移植肾主动脉主干或吻合口处峰值流速（Vp）≥300cm/s,其中5例再经CT血管造影（CTA)做出初步诊断,最后通过数字减影血管造影(DSA)确诊,且提示狭窄程度为70%-95%,另1例直接用DSA确诊。5例患者确诊后均通过经皮腔内肾动脉支架置入术（PTRAS）治愈,1例患者先经皮腔内血管成形术(PTA),3个月后再次发生原部位狭窄行PTRAS治愈。6名患者已分别随访0.5、3、6、12、18、40个月,未再出现狭窄,移植肾功能功能良好,血肌酐平均小于140umol/L。结 论 （1）血压及血肌酐升高、尿量减少为TRAS的主要临床表现;（2）CDFI为TRAS的首选筛查手段,CTA和DSA为TRAS可靠的确诊方法,而且可以对血管狭窄部位及程度做出判断;（3）PTA和PTRAS为治疗TRAS的重要方法。     

青藤碱对肾移植大鼠静脉血IL-6的影响

背景：青藤碱具有镇静、镇痛、镇咳、抗心律失常、抗炎和免疫抑制等药理作用,近年来对其抗排斥作用的研究逐步深入。白细胞介素6是参与细胞介导移植物损伤的重要细胞因子,在诊断急性排斥反应及评价抗排斥反应的疗效方面具有重要的临床意义。 目的：通过检测青藤碱对肾移植受体鼠静脉血中白细胞介素6质量浓度的影响,分析青藤碱对大鼠肾移植后急性排斥反应的抑制作用以及与环孢素A是否存在协同效应。 设计、时间及地点：随机对照动物实验,于2008-03/2009-03在广州医学院第二附属医院外科实验室完成。 材料：选择近交系F344大鼠60只和近交系Wistar大鼠80只。 方法：建立近交系大鼠F344→Wistar肾移植动物模型48对,受体大鼠按照同期随机的原则分为4组,每组12只。生理盐水组给予生理盐水腹腔注射,1次/d;青藤碱组给予青藤碱腹腔注射,1次/d;环孢素A组给予环孢素A腹腔注射,1次/d;青藤碱+环孢素A组给予青藤碱+环孢素A腹腔注射,1次/d。以未做处理的Wistar大鼠12只为对照组。 主要观察指标：肾移植后第7天,应用酶联免疫吸附法检测受体大鼠静脉血白细胞介素6的质量浓度;完整留取移植肾行病理切片,观察病理改变,依据Banff标准对急性排斥反应病理改变进行分级评分。 结果：青藤碱组、环孢素A组、青藤碱+环孢素A组受体鼠的血白细胞介素6质量浓度均显著低于生理盐水组(P < 0.05);青藤碱组与环孢素A组差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);青藤碱+环孢素A组显著低于青藤碱组、环孢素A组(P < 0.05)。病理切片按移植肾排斥反应组织学分级标准进行分级,生理盐水组3或4级;青藤碱组1或2级;环孢素A组1或2级;青藤碱+环孢素A组0或1级。 结论：青藤碱对同种异体大鼠肾移植急性排斥反应起到了较为确切的免疫抑制作用,能明显下调白细胞介素6的质量浓度,并与环孢素A存在协同作用。     

自体肾移植治疗肾动脉瘤

目的:探讨肾动脉瘤的有效治疗手段和血管重建的方法。方法:本组3例患者在经肾动脉造影明确诊断为肾动脉瘤后,采取自体肾移植的方法进行手术治疗,其中2例采用髂内动脉体外血管重建后移植。术后经发射计算机体层摄影(ECT)评价移植肾功能。结果:3例患者在成功接受自体肾移植后,移植肾功能顺利恢复,随访4个月～3年,移植肾功能正常。结论:自体肾移植是治疗肾动脉瘤的一种有效方法,髂内动脉体外血管重建是一种有效的手段。     

夫妻活体供肾移植的相关问题分析

目的 探讨夫妻供肾移植的临床效果及安全性.方法63例活体供肾移植供者分夫妻供肾组(n=12)和亲属供肾组(n=51)2组.总结夫妻活体供肾肾移植的临床资料,并与同期基础条件相近、免疫抑制剂方案相同、基因相关亲属供肾组的临床资料进行对比.观察指标选择平均住院时间、急性肾小管坏死发生率、1年内急性排斥反应发生率和移植后7、30 d和1年血肌酐(SCr)水平.结果 夫妻供肾组和亲属供肾组受者年龄分别为(39±3)和(37±3)岁,P=0.05;透析时间分别为(4.7±3.2)和(4.4±2.9)个月,P=0.78;平均住院时间分别为(20.9±8.3)和(23.0±7.8)d,P=0.41.2组1年内急性排斥反应发生率分别为33.3%4/12),3.9%(2/51),P=0.01.急性肾小管坏死发生率分别为16.7%(2/12),3.9%(2/51)(P=0.31).夫妻供肾组术后7、30 d SCr值分别为(206.47±47.22)和(163.75±25.91)μmol/L,亲属供肾组分别为(142.79±89.42)和(119.99±15.03)μmol/L,P=0.02,P=0.00.术后1年夫妻供肾组获随访9例,亲属供肾组40例;SCr分别为(133.40±6.11)和(121.00±34.12)μmol/L,P=0.25.结论 术前对夫妻供、受者进行全面综合评估是夫妻供肾移植成功的保证.夫妻供肾移植的近期急性排斥反应发生率略高于亲属活体供肾移植,但术后1年夫妻供肾移植受者的移植肾功能与亲属活体供移植受者比较并无区别.     

活体亲属供肾肾移植的临床分析

目的总结分析活体亲属供肾肾移植的手术和治疗经验,探讨其临床效果.方法回顾性分析33例活体亲属供肾肾移植的临床资料,包括手术方法和创新、免疫抑制药物的用药方案及临床效果.结果本组全部切取左肾,经腹手术,手术顺利,移植肾在开放血液循环后1～10分钟内分泌尿液.供体肾功能在1周内恢复正常,未出现严重并发症.受者仅2例出现急性排斥反应.全部受者至今存活,肾功能良好.结论活体亲属供肾,移植效果明显优于尸体供肾肾移植.排斥反应发生率低,恢复顺利.