经鼻蝶入路显微镜与神经内镜切除垂体腺瘤临床分析

目的比较经鼻蝶入路显微镜与神经内镜切除垂体腺瘤的并发症及临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2017-01—2018-11河南省人民医院神经外科收治的158例垂体腺瘤患者的临床及随访资料。经鼻蝶显微镜下手术切除52例,经鼻蝶神经内镜下切除106例,依据神经内镜技术开展时间分为早期手术组和晚期手术组(早期组22例,晚期组84例),分别比较3组手术时间及手术并发症(脑脊液瘘、颅内感染、尿崩、垂体功能低下、术后出血)。随访6个月,观察肿瘤全切率、垂体功能恢复率。结果与显微镜组比较,早期内镜组手术时间明显较长(P=0.000),但手术并发症及随访结果差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。随着内镜技术熟练,晚期内镜组手术在手术时间上较早期内镜组明显缩短(P=0.038),但仍长于显微镜组(P=0.018);而脑脊液漏、尿崩、垂体功能低下等明显低于显微镜组及早期内镜组手术,肿瘤全切率高于另两组(P<0.05)。晚期内镜手术颅内感染发生率较显微镜未明显降低,但与早期内镜组比较明显降低(P<0.05)。结论神经内镜技术需要一个学习曲线,早期手术时间及并发症稍高,技术成熟后较经鼻蝶显微镜手术优势明显,创伤小,术野宽广,操作简便,肿瘤全切率高,并发症少。     

3D打印模型拟手术应用于经眉弓-眶上锁孔入路前交通动脉瘤微创夹闭术的临床价值

目的探讨3D打印模型拟手术应用于经眉弓-眶上锁孔入路前交通动脉瘤微创夹闭术的临床价值。方法随机将2015-01—2017-05间在郑州市中心医院拟行手术的患者分为2组,各20例。A、B 2组均经行眉弓-眶上锁孔入路前交通动脉瘤微创夹闭术,其中A组在术前应用3D模型模拟手术。比较2组疗效。结果 A组患者术中出血量及术后意识恢复时间、住院时间等指标均优于B组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论术前应用3D打印模型模拟手术,可提升眉弓-眶上锁孔入路前交通动脉瘤微创夹闭术的疗效。     

难治性癫痫的术前评估及手术治疗

自Horsley首先为第一例癫痫患者实施手术治疗以来,已经有120多年的历史了,由于癫痫病的病因复杂,种类及临床表现多种多样,癫痫的外科治疗困难重重.近年来,由于新技术的不断涌现,癫痫术前评估及定位手段也在不断的完善,以及新的治疗理念的提出,使得癫痫外科取得了较大的进步.本综述现就癫痫手术的术前定位及手术方法进行归纳.     

Hunt-Hess Ⅳ～Ⅴ级动脉瘤手术治疗体会

目的探讨Hunt-HessⅣ~Ⅴ级动脉瘤的手术治疗方法和时机。方法回顾性分析我科2006-01—2013-06收治的117例Hunt-HessⅣ~Ⅴ级动脉瘤,其中Ⅳ级96例,Ⅴ级21例。本组病例均在蛛网膜下腔出血24~48h内手术治疗,动脉瘤夹闭103例,夹闭加包裹14例,去骨瓣减压19例,侧脑室开放引流13例。结果按GOS标准评分,Ⅳ级96例中5分23例,4分28例,3分33例,2分和1分12例。Ⅴ级21例中4分1例,3分5例,2分和1分15例。结论对于Hunt-HessⅣ级患者要在蛛网膜下腔出血早期(1~2d)手术干预,Ⅴ级伴较大血肿或脑室大量积血积水患者建议早期手术,同时去骨瓣减压或脑室引流。     

前颞叶切除范围与视野缺损关系的弥散张量成像分析

目的 观察颞叶癫痫患者前颞叶切除术后视野缺损的发生率以及手术切除范围与视野缺损的关系.方法 25例前颞叶切除术的患者于术前及随访时行视野、磁共振(含DTI弥散张量序列)检查,根据视野缺损严重程度的不同将患者分为A、B、C三级.手术后视放射的各向异性分数(FA值)的下降(△FA)代表Meyer袢受损情况.比较不同视野缺损组之间前颞叶切除范围的差异;并对切除范围和△FA进行线性相关分析.结果 前颞叶切除术后22例患者出现象限盲.前颞叶平均切除长度:A组31.1 mm,B组42.5 mm,C组50.4 mm,A＜B＜C组(P＜0.05).手术侧的△FA与切除范围旱线性相关.结论 前颞叶切除术破坏视放射导致视野缺损较常见.有必要术前应用DTI获得患者视放射的信息,进行术前风险评估.

Abstract：

Objective Anterior temporal lobectomy(ATL) for temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most commonly performed epilepsy surgery procedure.A visual field defect(VFD) due to the injury to the optic radiation may occur after ATL.DTI technique can visualize the optic radiation (OR) noninvasively.This study aimed at evaluating the incidence of VFD after ATL and investigating whether the resection size of lateral ATL correlated with the extent of VFD.We tried to explain the impact of ATL on the OR and to investigate the anterior extending of Meyer loop with DTI technology.Method 25 patients( 14male, 11 female) underwent ATL for treatment of epilepsy.The patients were aged from 13 to 39 years old ( mean age:22.4 yrs).All cases were classified into three groups on the basis of the severity of VFD( A ～ C,with group C the most severe).All patients had preoperative and follow up clinical and MRI( including DTI series) examinations.The clinical and MRI(DTI) outcomes of these patients were retrospectively analyzed.Results At mean follow up period of 31.3 weeks ( range, 17 - 42 weeks), we found 22 patients become quadrantanopia due to the injury to OR after ATL.A significant reduction of fractional anisotropy was demonstrated in the OR on the side of the temporal lobectomy.The severity of VFD decreased according to the reducing of the mean resection size(group A, 31.1 mm;group B 42.5 mm;C, 50.4 mm), P ＜0.05.There was linearship between the resection size and the FA decrease.Conclusions VFD due to the injury to the OR was not uncommon after ATL There was an association between the resection size and severity of VFD.Optic radiation showed a decreased FA value in cases after ATL.There is considerable intersubjective variance about the OR, so it is necessary to get the patient's DTI information about the OR before the operation ,which could help to assess the preoperative risks.     

经侧裂入路小骨窗显微手术治疗高血压基底节区脑出血临床分析

目的：探讨基底节区高血压脑出血的手术治疗方法及疗效。方法对经侧裂入路显微手术治疗的69例高血压基底节区脑出血患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果术后12 h内复查头颅C T示,血肿清除＞90％者65例,其余4例血肿清除70％～90％。存活60例,死亡9例。存活患者中,术后6个月根据GOS评分评定手术疗效：恢复良好24例,中残18例,重残6例,植物生存9例,死亡3例。结论经侧裂小骨窗入路显微手术是治疗高血压基底节区脑出血较理想的手术方式,具有对脑组织二次创伤小、血肿清除满意、神经功能恢复快等优点。