结核病与糖尿病共病的治疗管理专家共识

结核病与糖尿病均是临床上的常见病和多发病,两者可合并存在,相互影响。活动性结核病作为感染因素可加重糖尿病病情,而糖尿病患者又是发生结核病的高危人群,结核病与糖尿病双重负担将成为重大的全球公共卫生问题。因此,需重视结核病与糖尿病共病的治疗管理。本共识重点介绍了结核病与糖尿病共病的危害、发病机制、双向筛查、临床特点、诊断、治疗和管理等内容。     

Trends in country and gender representation on editorial boards in anaesthesia journals: a pooled cross-sectional analysis

Evidence exists that women and people from low- and middle-income countries are under-represented on the editorial boards of medical journals. This may adversely influence the journal output. We conducted a pooled, cross-sectional evaluation of the editorial board membership of anaesthesia journals. We collected data on members of editorial boards from the founding year and at 5-yearly intervals until 2020. For each editor, we recorded gender, country of affiliation, World Bank income classification (1990 onwards) and editorial role (2020 only). The composite editorial board diversity score was calculated for each editorial board. We obtained complete data for the composition of editorial boards from all 30 journals for 2020, but for only 171 out of 304 editorial boards (56%) over the time period examined. In 2020, 409 out of 1973 (21%) were women (range across the editorial boards 0–39%) and 139 out of 1982 (7%) were from low-, low-middle- and upper-middle-income countries (range across the editorial boards 0–71%). In 2020, of editorial board positions with known seniority status, 109 out of 259 (42%) of women and 306 out of 960 (32%) of men were in senior roles. In the same year, 397 out of 1115 (36%) of people from high-income countries were in senior roles, compared with 19 out of 93 (20%) of people from upper-middle-income countries and 0 out of 14 (0%) people from lower-middle-income countries. The median composite editorial board diversity score was 4 (range 2–6) in 2020 – 5 or less suggests poor diversity, while 8 or more suggests good diversity. Women and people from low- and middle-income countries are under-represented on anaesthesia journal editorial boards. The editorial boards do not reflect the anaesthesia workforce and may act as a barrier to the publication of research produced by these groups. Urgent action is required to improve diversity.     

Optimization of the position of the acetabulum in a ganz periacetabular osteotomy by finite element analysis

Periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) is a surgical procedure to correct acetabular orientation in developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). It changes the position of the acetabulum to increase femoral head coverage and distribute the contact pressure over the cartilage surface. The success of PAO depends significantly on the surgeon's experience. Using computed tomography data from patients with DDH, we developed a 3D finite element (FE) model to investigate the optimal position of the acetabulum following PAO. A virtual PAO was performed with the acetabulum rotated in increments from the original center edge (CE) angle. Contact area, contact pressure, and Von Mises stress in the femoral and pelvic cartilage were analyzed. Five dysplastic hips from four patients were modeled. Contact area, contact pressure, and Von Mises stress in the cartilage all varied according to the change of CE angle through virtual PAO. An optimal position could be achieved for the acetabulum that maximizes the contact area while minimizing the contact pressure and von Mises stress in the pelvic and femoral cartilage. The optimal position of the acetabulum was patient dependent and did not always correspond to what would be considered a “normal” CE angle. We demonstrated for the first time the interrelation of correction angle, contact area, and contact pressure between the pelvic and femoral cartilage in PAO surgery. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31: 472–479, 2013     

Erythropoietin-induced, antibody-mediated pure red cell aplasia

Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) is a rare haematological condition that is characterized by severe aregenerative anaemia due to an almost complete cessation of red blood cell production. While antibody-mediated PRCA was extremely rare before 1998, the incidence of this disorder increased sharply after 1998 in patients receiving subcutaneous epoetin alfa produced by Ortho-Biotech and marketed outside the USA. The diagnosis of antibody-mediated PRCA relies mostly on the results of bone marrow biopsy or aspirate, which shows an absence of erythroid precursors and/or red cell maturation arrest while counts of white cell and platelet precursors are normal, and on the identification of circulating anti-erythropoietin antibodies. Retrospective analysis of PRCA cases has shown that immunosuppressive therapy can induce a disappearance of anti-erythropoietin antibodies in most patients. Eur J Clin Invest 2005; 35 (Suppl. 3): 95-99.     

The use of a novel bone allograft wash process to generate a biocompatible,mechanically stable and osteoinductive biological scaffold for use in bone tissue engineering

Fresh‐frozen biological allograft remains the most effective substitute for the ‘gold standard’ autograft, sharing many of its osteogenic properties but, conversely, lacking viable osteogenic cells. Tissue engineering offers the opportunity to improve the osseointegration of this material through the addition of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). However, the presence of dead, immunogenic and potentially harmful bone marrow could hinder cell adhesion and differentiation, graft augmentation and incorporation, and wash procedures are therefore being utilized to remove the marrow, thereby improving the material's safety. To this end, we assessed the efficiency of a novel wash technique to produce a biocompatible, biological scaffold void of cellular material that was mechanically stable and had osteoinductive potential. The outcomes of our investigations demonstrated the efficient removal of marrow components (~99.6%), resulting in a biocompatible material with conserved biomechanical stability. Additionally, the scaffold was able to induce osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, with increases in osteogenic gene expression observed following extended culture. This study demonstrates the efficiency of the novel wash process and the potential of the resultant biological material to serve as a scaffold in bone allograft tissue engineering. © 2014 The Authors. Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.     

肺结核活动性判断规范及临床应用专家共识

我国肺结核疫情十分严峻,确诊肺结核的“金指标”是病原学检查,但对于病原学检查阴性的初诊肺结核患者,其活动性判断缺乏规范。另外,肺结核治疗后的活动性评价亦面临上述问题。本共识介绍了目前用于肺结核活动性判断的评价方法,提出了临床综合评价的规范,指出了目前活动性判断及临床应用存在的问题,并对其未来进行了展望。     

Does oversizing an uncemented cup increase post-operative pain in primary total hip arthroplasty?

European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology - It has been suggested that one of the factors related to persistent post-operative pain following total hip arthroplasty (THA) is to...     

遗传代谢病所致贫血的诊疗专家共识

遗传代谢病是一大类复杂的单基因病,由于代谢通路异常导致物质代谢紊乱,可以引起单系统或多系统损害.血液系统疾病涉及红细胞、白细胞和血小板功能和数量的异常,其中贫血最常见,新生儿到老年均可发病.现有研究发现,多种遗传代谢病可导致贫血,致病机制不同,一些疾病引起铁、维生素B12、叶酸代谢异常,另一些造成红细胞膜、代谢相关酶或血红蛋白合成异常,引起不同类型不同程度的贫血.为了提高临床医生对遗传代谢病所致贫血及血液系统疾病的认识,早期诊断、精准治疗、改善预后,国内多学科专家共同讨论,结合国内外经验及指南,以巨幼细胞性贫血、溶血性贫血、铁粒幼细胞性贫血和小细胞低色素性贫血四类贫血相关的遗传代谢病的病因、发病机制、临床表现和治疗为重点,制定了本共识,以期指导优化临床诊治实践.