Impact of modified-release opioid use on clinical outcomes following total hip and knee arthroplasty: a propensity score-matched cohort study

Modified-release opioids are often prescribed for the management of moderate to severe acute pain following total hip and knee arthroplasty, despite recommendations against their use due to increasing concerns regarding harm. The primary objective of this multicentre study was to examine the impact of modified-release opioid use on the incidence of opioid-related adverse events compared with immediate-release opioid use, among adult inpatients following total hip or knee arthroplasty. Data for total hip and knee arthroplasty inpatients receiving an opioid analgesic for postoperative analgesia during hospitalisation were collected from electronic medical records of three tertiary metropolitan hospitals in Australia. The primary outcome was the incidence of opioid-related adverse events during hospital admission. Patients who received modified with or without immediate-release opioids were matched to those receiving immediate-release opioids only (1:1) using nearest neighbour propensity score matching with patient and clinical characteristics as covariates. This included total opioid dose received. In the matched cohorts, patients given modified-release opioids (n = 347) experienced a higher incidence of opioid-related adverse events overall, compared with those given immediate-release opioids only (20.5%, 71/347 vs. 12.7%, 44/347; difference in proportions 7.8% [95%CI 2.3–13.3%]). Modified-release opioid use was associated with an increased risk of harm when used for acute pain during hospitalisation after total hip or knee arthroplasty.     

Effect of pneumatic leg compression on post-induction hypotension in elderly patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy: a double-blind randomised controlled trial

Post-induction hypotension is common and associated with postoperative complications. We hypothesised that pneumatic leg compression reduces post-induction hypotension in elderly patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy. In this double-blind randomised study, patients were allocated randomly to the pneumatic leg compression group (n = 50) or control (n = 50). In the intervention group, pneumatic leg compression was initiated before induction of anaesthesia. In the control group, pneumatic leg compression was initiated 20 min after anaesthesia induction. The primary outcome was the incidence of post-induction hypotension in these groups. Post-induction hypotension was defined as systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg during the first 20 min after induction. Haemodynamic variables and area under the curve of post-induction systolic blood pressure over time were assessed. Complications associated with pneumatic leg compression were recorded, including: peripheral neuropathy; compartment syndrome; extensive bullae beneath the leg sleeves; and pulmonary thromboembolism. The incidence of post-induction hypotension decreased in the pneumatic leg compression group compared with that in the control group; 5 (10%) vs. 29 (58%), respectively, p < 0.001. In the pneumatic leg compression group, the lowest systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressures 20 min after induction of anaesthesia were significantly greater than the control group. Pneumatic leg compression resulted in an increased area under the curve of systolic blood pressure in the first 20 min after induction, p = 0.001. There were no pneumatic leg compression-related complications. Pneumatic leg compression reduced post-induction hypotension in elderly patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy, suggesting that it is an effective and safe intervention to prevent post-induction hypotension among elderly patients undergoing general anaesthesia.     

Exploring the potential of exosomes in diagnosis and drug delivery for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a cancer of the digestive system, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) accounts for approximately 90% of all PC cases. Exosomes derived from PDAC (PDAC-exosomes) promote PDAC development and metastasis. Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles secreted by most cells, which can carry biologically active molecules and mediate communication and cargo transportation among cells. Recent studies have focused on transforming exosomes into good drug delivery systems (DDSs) to improve the clinical treatment of PDAC. This review considers PDAC as the main research object to introduce the role of PDAC-exosomes in PDAC development and metastasis. This review focuses on the following two themes: (a) the great potential of PDAC-exosomes as new diagnostic markers for PDAC, and (b) the transformation of exosomes into potential DDSs.     

Confounded association between proton pump inhibitor use and risk of biliary tract cancer: Result from three cohorts

Recent epidemiological studies suggested that proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use was associated with an increased risk of biliary tract cancer (BTC), however, confounders were not adequately controlled. Our study aimed to evaluate PPI use and subsequent risk of BTC and its subtypes in three well-established cohorts. We conducted a pooled analysis of the subjects free of cancers in UK Biobank (n = 463 643), Nurses' Health Study (NHS, n = 80 235) and NHS II (n = 95 869). Propensity score weighted Cox models were used to estimate marginal HRs of PPIs use on BTC risk, accounting for potential confounders. We documented 284 BTC cases in UK Biobank (median follow-up: 7.6 years), and 91 cases in NHS and NHS II cohorts (median follow-up: 15.8 years). In UK biobank, PPI users had a 96% higher risk of BTC compared to nonusers in crude model (HR 1.96, 95% CI 1.44-2.66), but the effect was attenuated to null after adjusting for potential confounders (HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.60-1.49). PPI use was not associated with risk of BTC in the pooled analysis of three cohorts (HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.60-1.43). We also observed no associations between PPI use with risk of intrahepatic (HR 1.00, 95% CI 0.49-2.04), extrahepatic bile duct (HR 1.09, 95% CI 0.52-2.27) and gallbladder cancers (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.26-1.66) in UK Biobank. In summary, regular use of PPIs was not associated with the risk of BTC and its subtypes.     

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【内容简介】本视频主要介绍1例利沃素干预正常体重指数(body mass index,BMI)脂肪肝典型病例的诊疗以及随访过程。患者何某,男性、24岁,身高180 cm,体重76 kg,BMI:23.5 kg/m2。患者于1年前开始无明显诱因出现右上腹隐痛疼痛不适,呈持续性胀痛,不伴腹胀、腹泻、无恶心、呕吐,无发热、寒战等,曾于当地医院诊断为脂肪肝,肝功能不全,高脂血症,服用“甘草酸二胺胶囊、水飞蓟宾”等药物疗效欠佳,于2021年11月10日就诊于高青县人民医院脂肪肝中心给予利沃素治疗。     

PKP术中不同注入量高粘度骨水泥治疗骨质疏松性腰椎骨折的疗效分析

目的探讨经皮椎体后凸成形术（PKP）术中不同注入量高粘度骨水泥治疗骨质疏松性腰椎骨折（OLVF）的疗效及安全性。 方法前瞻性收集2016年9月至2018年9月本院OLVF患者150例，男84例，女66例，年龄（60±8）岁。依据随机数字表分为高量组、中量组、低量组，每组50例，高量组、中量组、低量组PKP术中高粘度骨水泥注入量分别为5.0~7.0 ml、3~4.9 ml、<3.0 ml，比较三组疗效及安全性。 结果150例患者获得满意随访，随访时间（19±7）个月。高量组、中量组、低量组手术时间、术中出血量比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；高量组和中量组术后3、6个月椎体前缘高度[（27.3±3.1）mm、（26.0±2.7）mm和（26.9±3.0）mm、（25.7±2.8）mm]明显高于低量组[（23.8±2.8）mm、（21.3±2.5）mm]，高量组和中量组术后3、6个月Cobb角及疼痛视觉模拟评分法（VAS）、Oswestry功能障碍指数问卷表（ODI）评分[（40.2±4.7）°、（41.5±4.8）°、（2.6±0.4）分、（1.6±0.3）分、（25.8±3.5）分、（26.9±3.5）分和（40.9±4.8）°、（42.1±4.8）°、（2.6±0.4）分、（1.6±0.3）分、（26.2±3.5）分、（27.2±3.7）分]明显低于低量组[（46.3±5.3）°、（47.8±5.6）°、（3.3±0.4）分、（2.3±0.4）分、（33.3±4.1）分、（34.3±4.2）分]，差异有统计学意义（F=25.371、18.914、29.334、22.457、34.276、30.217、29.364、20.071，均P<0.001）；高量组骨水泥渗漏率（28.00%）明显高于中量组和低量组（8.00%和4.00%），差异有统计学意义（χ²=10.241，P=0.005）。 结论PKP术中不同注入量高粘度骨水泥治疗OLVF的疗效及安全性存在一定的差异，其中注入中量（3~4.9 ml）高粘度骨水泥可获得良好的疗效及安全性，值得临床推广。