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1.
The midwifery art has emphasised the uniqueness of human beings throughout its Nordic history. The educated Nordic midwife has in the last decade celebrated several hundred years of memories. This article studies how the key ideas of the midwifery art and patterns of ideas become evident in the zeitgeist from the beginning of the 19th century to the millennium in the Nordic countries. The legacy and pattern of ideas of the art of midwifery are interpreted in relation to the texts of the selected historical sources and based on Ricoeur's phenomenological-hermeneutic approach to the text and further to the dedication of understanding and interpretation. The historical sources refer to unprinted primary sources from historical archives and printed secondary and tertiary sources. The patterns of ideas include a tripartite whole: the true cultivation of the head, the philosophy and aesthetics of the hand, the strength of the heart and the drive of calling. These ideas open for unique visions and attest to the evident in modern midwives. Today's midwives have academic training with examinations, and the education is based on scientific evidence. The midwife profession is authorised by the state and supervised by the authorities. 相似文献
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Lesley M Wilkes RN CM BSc GradDipEd MHPEd PhD Barbara Beale RN CM BAppSc MNurs 《International journal of nursing practice》2001,7(5):306-313
Nurses often experience positive and negative dimensions of caring for dying clients and their families. This project aimed to compare stress experienced by urban and rural community nurses working with palliative-care clients in the home. Participants included five nurses working in rural Australia and seven nurses working in an urban area. Transcribed data from unstructured audio-taped interviews were coded for common and contrasting themes, and a comparison was made of the stress experienced by the two groups of nurses. The major themes were role conflict and definition, family dynamics, time and workload. For both groups of nurses, the impact of family relationships and role conflict within the community impacted significantly to the stress they experienced. Debriefing opportunities for nurses to discuss stress, including educational and support sessions, is an essential component of best practice. Rural nurses had the additional stress of trying to provide a 24 h service over vast distances with a lack of financial resources. 相似文献
4.
Trichinella infection and clinical disease 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Clausen MR; Meyer CN; Krantz T; Moser C; Gomme G; Kayser L; Albrectsen J; Kapel CM; Bygbjerg IC 《QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians》1996,89(8):631-636
Trichinellosis is caused by ingestion of insufficiently cooked meat
contaminated with infective larvae of <it>Trichinella</it>
species. The clinical course is highly variable, ranging from no apparent
infection to severe and even fatal disease. We report two illustrative
cases of trichinellosis. Returning to Denmark a few days after having eaten
roasted pork in the Republic of Serbia, a female patient suffered from
severe vomiting, epigastric pain, diarrhoea, and later myalgia, generalized
oedema, and prostration. A biopsy showed heavy infestation with
<it>Trichinella spiralis</it>, 2000 larvae/g of muscle.
Life-threatening cardiopulmonary, renal and central nervous system
complications developed. The patient recovered after several months. Her
husband, who also ate the pork, did not have clinical symptoms, but an
increased eosinophil count and a single larva in a muscle biopsy confirmed
infection. The epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment
and prevention of trichinellosis are reviewed.
相似文献
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Autoantibodies against bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein in patients with cystic fibrosis 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Zhao MH; Jayne DR; Ardiles LG; Culley F; Hodson ME; Lockwood CM 《QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians》1996,89(4):259-265
Cystic fibrosis (CF), a genetic disorder, is characterized by chronic
pulmonary infection/inflammation which leads to respiratory failure. The
presence of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA) has
previously been observed in the sera of patients with CF. In view of the
known relationship of ANCA with primary vasculitis and of their putative
pathogenetic role in these disorders, we studied the presence, specificity
and isotype of ANCA and their clinical associations in 66 adult CF
patients. None of the 66 CF samples had autoantibodies to the major ANCA
antigens, proteinase 3 or myeloperoxidase. However, 60/66 (91%) CF samples
contained IgG and 55/66 (83%) IgA, autoantibodies to
bactericidal/permeability increasing protein (BPI), a recently
characterized ANCA specificity. All the IgA anti-BPI-positive samples were
also IgG anti-BPI-positive. The autoantibody specificity was confirmed by
inhibition assay and immunoblotting of CF sera against a neutrophil granule
preparation. Furthermore, in this cross-sectional study, anti-BPI levels
were inversely correlated with the observed reductions in FEV1 and FVC (IgA
anti-BPI and FEV1: r = 0.508, <it>p</it> < 0.0001), and
both IgG and IgA anti-BPI levels were higher in CF patients with secondary
vasculitis (<it>n</it> = 6) than in those without
(<it>p</it> < 0.05). ANCA with specificity for BPI were
present in the majority of CF sera in this study and autoimmune processes
may be associated with the development of pulmonary injury in CF.
相似文献
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Chalmers RM; Howard RS; Wiles CM; Hirsch NP; Miller DH; Williams A; Spencer GT 《QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians》1996,89(6):469-476
Twenty-nine patients with a neuronopathic or neuropathic disorder were
referred for assessment of respiratory insufficiency between 1978 and 1994.
Diagnoses included spinal muscular atrophy (6), chronic idiopathic
demyelinating neuropathy (4), Vialetto-van Laere syndrome (3), hereditary
motor and sensory neuropathy (3) and a miscellaneous group (5). We also
describe seven patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) who required
long-term ventilatory support for over 6 months to 7 years after the
initial illness. Respiratory insufficiency occurred as a consequence of
respiratory muscle weakness, impaired bulbar function and restrictive lung
defects. In some groups presentation was with progressive nocturnal
hypoventilation culminating in acute respiratory failure. Five patients
with GBS or chronic idiopathic demyelinating neuropathy were weaned from
ventilatory support up to 18 months after the initial illness. The
remaining 24 patients required continuous or nocturnal ventilatory support
using intermittent positive-pressure ventilation (13), negative pressure
ventilation (4), nasal-mask-delivered intermittent positive-pressure
ventilation (4), nasal-mask-delivered continuous positive-pressure
ventilation (3), mouthpiece-assisted ventilation by day (2) and rocking bed
(1). None have been weaned from support after a period of ventilation
ranging from one month to 10 years. Eight patients have subsequently died.
相似文献
10.
We studied clinical features potentially related to dysphagia and three
indices from a timed test of swallowing--average volume per swallow (ml),
average time (s) per swallow and swallowing capacity (ml/s)--in 181
screened healthy adults and 30 patients with motor neurone disease (MND).
In healthy adults, age, sex and height accounted for 44.3% and 55.6% of the
variance of log average volume per swallow and log swallowing capacity,
respectively. Symptoms and signs were more prevalent in the MND group and
were associated with reduced swallowing capacity and reduced average volume
per swallow; repeatability studies on these two indices in both groups
showed that the median difference between the mean of two recordings on
successive days and the mean of all recordings (6-15 over 3 days) was <
5% (maximum third quartile 12.8%, indices expressed as percent predicted
according to age and sex). Using this simple bedside test, swallowing
function can be quantified on a ratio scale and expressed as percent of
that predicted by age and sex; such information may improve the predictive
value of clinical assessment and provides a practical way of monitoring
change in patients with dysphagia.
相似文献