NEMA NU 2-2018标准在PET/CT系统性能测试中的作用评价

目的 评价美国国家电器制造协会(National Electrical Manufactures Association, NEMA)最新标准(NU 2-2018)在正电子发射型计算机断层显像/电子计算机断层显像(positron emission tomography/computed tomography, PET/CT)设备性能检测中的作用。 方法 依据最新的NEMA NU 2-2018标准,检测西门子Biograph Vision PET/CT的空间分辨率、灵敏度、散射分数、计数丢失、随机符合、飞行时间分辨率、计数丢失率和随机符合校正精度、图像质量、衰减和散射校正精度及PET与CT配准精度指标。 结果 距视野中心1 cm处横向和轴向空间分辨率分别为3.75 mm和3.76 mm;在视野中心和轴向10 cm处的灵敏度分别为16.83 kcps/MBq和16.67 kcps/MBq;放射性浓度为27.37 kBq/mL时,最大等效噪声计数率为258.26 kcps,散射分数为38.58%;系统时间分辨率为209.82 ps;图像质量模型的对比度恢复系数范围为88.9%~96.2%,背景变异系数范围为2.05%~6.80%,平均肺插件残余误差为2.43%;计数丢失和随机符合校正最大误差为3.9%;距离床板末端 5 cm 和 100 cm处,在距视野中心Y轴1 cm处,PET和CT的配准精度分别为0.46 mm和1.07 mm,在距视野中心X轴20 cm处,PET和CT的配准精度分别为1.06 mm和1.45 mm,在距视野中心Y轴20 cm处PET和CT的配准精度分别为0.85 mm和1.15 mm。 结论 NEMA NU 2-2018标准检测条件更加接近临床,能更好地反映PET/CT设备的系统性能。     

大黄附子汤对重症急性胰腺炎小鼠肠道微皱褶细胞变化的影响

目的研究大黄附子汤对重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)小鼠肠道微皱褶细胞(M细胞)变化的影响，为大黄附子汤临床防治SAP提供理论基础。 方法选取40只健康SPF级C57BL/6J雄性小鼠，随机分为4组(每组10只)：空白对照组、大黄附子汤对照组、SAP组、大黄附子汤治疗组，其中SAP组和大黄附子汤治疗组分别以3.5 g/kg剂量腹腔注射20% L-精氨酸，空白对照组和大黄附子汤对照组注射等剂量的等渗盐水；于造模后12、24、36 h，空白对照组和SAP组给予等渗盐水0.2 mL，大黄附子汤对照组和治疗组给予大黄附子汤0.2 mL灌肠，均于造模完成48 h后处死取材，使用ELISA检测血清淀粉酶、内毒素、IL-1β及TNF-α含量，取回肠及胰腺组织行HE染色、评分，免疫组化染色检测M细胞特异性蛋白GP2并评分。 结果(1)一般情况：对照组腹腔注射后小鼠一般情况好，精神状态良好，能正常进水，四肢活动自如，行动未受影响；SAP组小鼠腹腔注射后一般情况差，精神萎靡，反应迟钝，行动迟缓，呼吸急促，拱背收腹，饮水减少。(2)SAP组淀粉酶、内毒素、IL-1β及TNF-α水平较对照组明显升高(P<0.05)；与SAP组进行对比，大黄附子汤治疗组血清淀粉酶、内毒素、IL-1β及TNF-α水平出现显著下降(P<0.05)。(3)HE染色：SAP组胰腺及回肠组织坏死严重，可见大量白细胞浸润。大黄附子汤治疗组胰腺及回肠组织轻度坏死，可见少量中性粒细胞等白细胞浸润。(4)免疫组化染色：SAP组与对照组相比GP2表达降低(P<0.05)；相较于SAP组，大黄附子汤治疗组GP2的表达水平升高(P<0.05)。 结论大黄附子汤治疗可改善作为肠道免疫应答起始的M细胞数量与功能，增强肠道免疫应答，减轻肠免疫屏障损伤，减少内毒素入血，改善SAP症状。     

Clinical observation of vitrectomy combined with endolaser photocoagulation at the edge of posterior scleral staphyloma for macular hole retinal detachment in high myopia

AIM: To observe the clinical effect of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and silicone oil filling surgery combined with intraoperative posterior scleral staphyloma (PS) marginal retinal photocoagulation in the treatment of high myopic macular hole retinal detachment (MHRD) with PS. METHODS: This was a retrospective clinical study. From May 2017 to March 2020, 62 MHRD patients with PS (62 eyes) were enrolled in the study. Patients were divided into 23G PPV combined with PS marginal retina intraoperative photocoagulation group (combined group) and conventional surgery group (conventional group), with 31 eyes in each. Triamcinolone acetonide and indocyanine green were used to remove the epiretinal membrane and the posterior macular inner limiting membrane (ILM). In the combined group, 2 to 3 rows of retinal photocoagulation were performed on the edge of the PS. The patients were followed up for an average of 8.34±3.21mo. The first retinal reattachment rate, macular hole closure rate, Duration of silicone oil tamponade, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and average number of operations were observed and compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The first retinal reattachment rates of the eyes in the combined group and the conventional group were 96.7% (29/31) and 67.7% (21/31), respectively (χ2=6.613, P=0.010). The macular hole closure rates in the combined group and the conventional group were 74.2% (23/31) and 67.7% (21/31), respectively (χ2=0.128, P=0.721). The Duration of silicone oil tamponade of the patients in the combined group was lower than that of the routine group (t=-41.962, P≤0.001). Postoperative logMAR BCVA values of patients in the combined group and the conventional group were 1.27±0.12 and 1.26±0.11, compared with the logMAR BCVA before surgery, each group was improved (t=19.947, t=-19.517, P≤0.001, P≤0.001). There was no significant difference in the logMAR BCVA between the eyes of the two groups (t=-0.394, P=0.695). The average numbers of operations on the eyes in the conventional group and the combined group were 2.39±0.62 and 2.06±0.25 times, the combined group had fewer operations on average (t=-2.705, P=0.009). CONCLUSION: Intraoperative PPV treatment of MHRD with PS combined with PS marginal endolaser photocoagulation can effectively increase the rate of retinal reattachment after the first operation, reduce the number of repeated operations, and reduce the postoperative duration of silicone oil tamponade.     

Comparison of visual outcomes after two types of mix-and-match implanted trifocal extended-depth-of-focus and trifocal intraocular lenses

Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology - To compare visual outcomes between two types of mix-and-match implanted trifocal extended-depth-of-focus (EDoF) and trifocal...