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1.
AIDS and Behavior - Although misperceived norms often drive personal health behaviors, we do not know about this phenomenon in the context of antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence. We conducted a...  相似文献   
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Clinical Rheumatology - This study aimed to assess treatment patterns and frequency of inadequate response associated with advanced therapy initiation among patients with ankylosing spondylitis...  相似文献   
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Numerous studies showed that postural balance improves through light touch on a stable surface highlighting the importance of haptic information, seemingly downplaying the mechanical contributions of the support. The present study examined the mechanical effects of canes for assisting balance in healthy individuals challenged by standing on a beam. Sixteen participants supported themselves with two canes, one in each hand, and applied minimal, preferred, or maximum force onto the canes. They positioned the canes in the frontal plane or in a tripod configuration. Statistical analysis used a linear mixed model to evaluate the effects on the center of pressure and the center of mass. The canes significantly reduced the variability of the center of pressure and the center of mass to the same level as when standing on the ground. Increasing the exerted force beyond the preferred level yielded no further benefits, although in the preferred force condition, participants exploited the altered mechanics by resting their arms on the canes. The tripod configuration allowed for larger variability of the center of pressure in the task-irrelevant anterior–posterior dimension. High forces had a destabilizing effect on the canes: the displacement of the hand on the cane handle increased with the force. Given this static instability, these results show that using canes can provide not only mechanical benefits but also challenges. From a control perspective, effort can be reduced by resting the arms on the canes and by channeling noise in the task-irrelevant dimensions. However, larger forces exerted onto the canes can also have destabilizing effects and the instability of the canes needs to be counteracted, possibly by arm and shoulder stiffness. Insights into the variety of mechanical effects is important for the design of canes and the instructions of how to use them.  相似文献   
4.

There are few published procedures for teaching athletic skills to children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study used a multiple baseline across participants design to evaluate the effects of prompting, demand fading, and differential reinforcement, on the basketball shooting skills of four school-aged boys diagnosed with ASD. During baseline, all four boys rarely made correct and accurate baskets at the regulation height and distance for their age-group in youth basketball. Following intervention, all four boys increased their percentage of correct shots and accuracy, compared to baseline, and their shooting skills transferred to the game of “P-I-G” with peers.

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Fears regarding various aspects tend to stimulate individuals to escape or to avoid the sources of the threat. We concluded that fears associated with the future aging process, like the fear of aging-related diseases, the fear of loneliness in old age, and the fear of death, would stimulate patterns of avoidance when it comes to ideal life expectancy. We expected fear of aging-related diseases and fear of loneliness in old age to be related to lower ideal life expectancies. We expected fear of death to be related to higher ideal life expectancies. In two adult lifespan samples [N1?=?1065 and N2?=?591; ages ranging from 18 to 95 years, M (SD)1?=?58.1 (17.2) years, M (SD)2?=?52.6 (18.1) years], we were able to support our hypothesis regarding fear of death. We furthermore found significant interactions among the fears, indicating that individuals fearing diseases or loneliness but being unafraid of death opted for the shortest lives. Our results indicate that fears regarding life in very old age might be associated with the wish to avoid this age period; the fear of death was however associated with the wish for particularly long lives, and thus, with distancing oneself from the dreaded event of death. We conclude that fears seem to be associated with how individuals approach old age and with what they wish for in their own future as aged people.

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6.
BackgroundReverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) primarily varies between 2 implant design options: a 135 humeral stem inclination that closely resembles anatomic orientation, versus the Grammont-style 155 humeral stem inclination that further medializes and distalizes the center of rotation (COR). The purpose of this study was to compare deltoid force, glenoid strain, and simulated glenohumeral range of motion (ROM) between RSA 135 and RSA 155 designs, with a series of standardized permutations of glenosphere offset and rotator cuff pathology.MethodsTwelve fresh-frozen cadaveric shoulder specimens were studied using a shoulder simulator. Native shoulder motion profiles for reproducible abduction range of motion were established using a customized testing device. Optical 3-dimensional tracking and pressure sensors were used to accurately record glenohumeral range of motion (ROM), deltoid force, and glenoid strain for RSA 135 and RSA 155 designs. For each cohort, all combinations of glenosphere offsets and rotator cuff tendon involvement were evaluated.ResultsThere was no significant difference in the overall abduction ROM between the 155 and the 135 humeral stem implants (P = .75). Resting abduction angle and maximum abduction angle were significantly greater with a 155 + STD (standard offset) construct than with a 135 + STD construct (P < .001 and P = .01, respectively). Both stem inclinations decreased combined deltoid force requirements as compared the native shoulder with a massive cuff tear. Effective glenoid strain did not vary significantly between 135 + STD and 155 + STD constructs (P = .66).ConclusionOverall, range of motion between the 135 and the 155 humeral stem inclinations was not significantly different. The cumulative deltoid force was lower in RSA shoulders when compared to native shoulders with massive rotator cuff tears, highlighting the utility of both implant designs. The Grammont-style 155 stem coupled with a 2.5 mm inferior offset glenosphere required less deltoid force to reach maximum abduction than did the more anatomic, lateralized 135 stem coupled with a 4 mm lateral offset glenosphere.Level of EvidenceBasic Science, Biomechanics Controlled Laboratory Study  相似文献   
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BackgroundResearch into oral health care for older people has shown that dental care in general decreases with increasing age and frailty and, therefore, oral health care provision may be complex. The aim of this study is to identify the oral health care dentists provide to community-dwelling older people and which barriers they experience in doing this.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, a representative sample of dentists in the Netherlands was asked to prospectively select one older patient and describe this patient using a specially developed registration form; the patient was requested to fill out a questionnaire. The relationship between experienced barriers in providing oral health care to older patients and characteristics of the dentists and the patients was studied by means univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsIn total, 923 dentists were asked to participate in the study. Data were available for 39.4% dentist–patient pairs. In most cases (87.4%), oral health care was focussed on conservation of the dentition. In all, 14.0% of the dentists experienced barriers in providing oral health care for older people. Some patient factors increase the risk of experiencing barriers, eg, the more difficult behaviour of older patients and the greater disease burden.ConclusionsOral health care was mostly focussed on conservation of the dentition, and dentists especially experience barriers in oral health provision to older patients if they are already frail.  相似文献   
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