三康胶囊对高原移居者运动后NO乳酸及血氨的影响

目的探讨三康胶囊对高原人体运动后一氧化氮(NO)及其合酶(NOS)、乳酸(BLA)、血氨(Ammo)的影响.方法选择进驻海拔3 700 m高原1年的10名健康青年,口服三康胶囊15 d,在服药前后分别采用功量自行车进行渐增负荷运动,测定其血清 NO、NOS、BLA及Ammo含量.结果服药后较服药前运动后NO水平[(101.02±6.49) Vs (77.10±8.11)]和NOS活性[(71.40±7.23) Vs (56.29±6.28)]均增高, BLA[(7.58±0.79)Vs (6.13±0.74)]和Ammo[(80.11±9.44)Vs (69.38±8.86)]降低,有非常显著性差异(P＜0.01).结论 三康胶囊能增强高原移居者运动后NOS活性,加速乳酸清除,减缓运动疲劳的发生.     

Mechanism of strength increase for a hydrothermal porcelain.

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to verify the formation of a hydrolyzed surface layer on Duceram LFC, to determine the effects of such a layer on mechanical material properties, and to identify a specific mechanism responsible for any strength increase observed. METHODS: Specimens were fabricated from dentin porcelain by a vibration blotting technique and were prepared to have either blunt or sharp surface flaws. Half of the specimens underwent accelerated aging. Specimens were fractured in three-point flexure to measure their strength, and fractographic analysis was used to determine fracture toughness and residual surface stress. Surface hardness and elastic modulus were measured using a microindentation method. Porcelain surface topography was examined using atomic force microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to determine the composition of the surface layer. RESULTS: The aging treatment modified the porcelain surface topography but did not create a layer with increased hydroxyl ion content. Porcelain strength increased upon aging, and the increase was proportional to initial flaw severity. The apparent fracture toughness of sharp flaw specimens increased to match that for specimens containing blunt flaws upon aging. Surface hardness and elastic modulus decreased upon aging. SIGNIFICANCE: Previous studies on the strength increase of hydrothermal porcelain were contradictory because a variety of specimen preparation procedures were used. This study resolves the apparent contradiction by determining the effect of specimen preparation on material strength.     

Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis B virus infections in Denmark.

BACKGROUND: Denmark has a low incidence of acute hepatitis B (HBV) infections but the impact of an increasing number of immigrants with chronic HBV infection on HBV transmission is unknown. OBJECTIVES: To characterise individuals with chronic and acute HBV infection in a defined region and to examine the importance of different risk groups for the current HBV transmission. METHODS: During 2000-2001 all consecutive HBV infected individuals routinely diagnosed through the regional HBV serology laboratory in the County of Funen were classified according to ethnicity, presumed route of transmission and stage of infection based on clinical data mainly supplied by the requesting physician. HBV DNA was sequenced and subjected to phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS: Of 309 identified cases, 91 (29%) were classified as acute infection. HBV DNA sequencing was possible in 54 (59%) of these cases. Phylogenetic analysis showed that HBV isolated from injecting drug users (IDUs) was identical or closely related. Among acute cases acquired in Denmark 89% (74/83) were seen in IDUs (65) or in individuals presumably exposed to IDUs (nine) and phylogenetic analysis corroborated the assumption of IDU related transmission in every case with available sequence data. Among 83 ethnic Danes who acquired their HBV infection in Denmark, no new cases of transmission from immigrants were detected. CONCLUSION: Injecting drug use was the single most important factor for hepatitis B transmission in Denmark. The current Danish vaccination strategy is unable to protect IDUs from HBV infection and IDUs pose a greater risk of HBV transmission to the general population than immigrants.     

Ischaemic episodes of less than 5 minutes produce preconditioning but not stunning in the isolated rat heart

The aim of the present study was to examine whether ischaemic episodes of less than 5 min could induce preconditioning or stunning in the isolated rat heart. Hearts were subjected to total global ischaemia of 1, 2 and 4 min followed by 10 min of reperfusion before an 18-min main ischaemic period and 30 min of reperfusion. The effects on physiology, purine metabolism and anaerobic glycolysis were compared with a control group subjected to the main ischaemia only. The brief ischaemic episodes did not produce stunning based on the recovery of left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) and heart rate (HR) product during the first reperfusion. Preconditioning of 11–14% increased recovery of LVDP x HR during the second reperfusion was observed in the 1- and 4-min group. In the 2-min group a low repayment of flow debt during the first reperfusion was associated with a slightly reduced recovery of LVDP x HR compared to the other preconditioned groups during the second reperfusion. Only in the 4-min group was preconditioning associated with fewer breakdown products of the purine nucleotide pool (adenosine) and anaerobic glycolysis (lactate) in both tissue and effluate after the main ischaemia. Preconditioning (reflected in recovery of function) could be produced with ischaemic episodes of less than 5 min that did not produce stunning. Thus, stunning is probably not the primary cause of preconditioning.     

Comparison of local risk factors for children's atopic symptoms in Hanoi, Vietnam

BACKGROUND: A 1999 study in Hanoi, Vietnam using the International Study on Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire showed a high prevalence of atopic symptoms. Identifying risk factors for symptoms in these children may help in understanding the causes for these high estimates. METHODS: An ISAAC questionnaire with supplemental questions on environmental variables was distributed to 5495 school children in Hanoi and a suburban district, Dong Anh. The response rate was 65.7%. RESULTS: In Dong Anh, the following were among the significant age and gender adjusted associations: pig ownership [odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval), OR = 1.79 (1.18-2.70) for doctor-diagnosed asthma (DDA), OR = 1.72 (1.08-2.78) for doctor diagnosed hay fever (DDHF)] and farming [OR = 1.67 (1.27-2.19) for ever asthma, OR = 1.51 (1.09-2.09) for DDHF]. In multivariate models, tuberculosis (TB) was a significant predictor of atopic symptoms [Hanoi: OR = 3.09 (1.10-8.70) for DDA, Dong Anh: OR = 3.71 (1.40-9.84) for DDA, OR = 4.66 (1.88-11.57) for DDHF]. CONCLUSIONS: These findings are contrary to the "hygiene hypothesis". Recent immunologic and epidemiologic studies refute the inverse association between allergy and TB and may be one explanation for the positive association in this study. The positive association with pig ownership and farming may be because of exposures on farms in a developing country that may be different from exposures in farms of developed countries.     

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Seropositivity among Healthcare Personnel in Hospitals and Nursing Homes,Rhode Island,USA, July–August 2020

Healthcare personnel are recognized to be at higher risk for infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. We conducted a serologic survey in 15 hospitals and 56 nursing homes across Rhode Island, USA, during July 17–August 28, 2020. Overall seropositivity among 9,863 healthcare personnel was 4.6% (95% CI 4.2%–5.0%) but varied 4-fold between hospital personnel (3.1%, 95% CI 2.7%–3.5%) and nursing home personnel (13.1%, 95% CI 11.5%–14.9%). Within nursing homes, prevalence was highest among personnel working in coronavirus disease units (24.1%; 95% CI 20.6%–27.8%). Adjusted analysis showed that in hospitals, nurses and receptionists/medical assistants had a higher likelihood of seropositivity than physicians. In nursing homes, nursing assistants and social workers/case managers had higher likelihoods of seropositivity than occupational/physical/speech therapists. Nursing home personnel in all occupations had elevated seropositivity compared with hospital counterparts. Additional mitigation strategies are needed to protect nursing home personnel from infection, regardless of occupation.     

注射用右兰索拉唑治疗急性胃和/或十二指肠溃疡引起的上消化道出血的有效性及安全性

目的：以注射用兰索拉唑为对照,评价注射用右兰索拉唑15 mg q12 h治疗急性胃和/或十二指肠溃疡引起的上消化道出血的有效性及安全性。方法：选取全国31家研究中心的急性胃和/或十二指肠溃疡引起的上消化道出血患者共202例,按照1∶1随机分配至试验组（注射用右兰索拉唑组）和对照组（注射用兰索拉唑组）。主要疗效终点为72 h有效止血率。对主要疗效终点采用非劣效评价,非劣效性界值δ是10%。结果：有效性方面,全分析数据集分析结果显示：用药72 h后,注射用右兰索拉唑组有效止血率为96.08%（98/102）;注射用兰索拉唑组有效止血率为98.00%（98/100）,两组率差为-1.92%（95%CI -6.58,2.74）。两组72 h有效止血率差异无统计学意义（P = 0.682 9）。两组率差的双侧界值均低于δ（10%）,注射用右兰索拉唑非劣于注射用兰索拉唑。安全性方面,试验组的不良事件及不良反应发生率与对照组差异无统计学意义,无非预期不良反应和严重不良反应。主要的不良反应为白细胞计数降低、中性粒细胞计数降低等。结论：注射用右兰索拉唑15 mg q12 h在治疗急性胃和/或十二指肠溃疡引起的上消化道出血的临床疗效非劣于注射用兰索拉唑30 mg q12 h,且具有良好的安全性。注射用右兰索拉唑可能成为临床上治疗急性上消化道出血的新选择。     

Aberrant crypt focus promotion and glucose intolerance: correlation in the rat across diets differing in fat, n-3 fatty acids and energy

McKeown-Eyssen (Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prevent., 3, 687-695, 1994) and Giovannucci (Cancer Causes Control, 6, 164-179, 1995), noting the striking similarity in lifestyle risk factors for colorectal cancer and insulin resistance, proposed that the hyperinsulinemia, glycemia and hypertriglyceridemia associated with insulin resistance promotes colon cancer. To compare the effect of diet on colon cancer promotion and insulin resistance in the F344 rat, we assessed the effect of fat, n-3 fatty acids and energy in pairwise comparisons on average size of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and on glucose intolerance in the same animals in a single experiment. Diets high in fat and energy increased and diets with increased n-3 fatty acids and calorie restriction decreased both ACF growth and glucose intolerance compared with control diets. The measures of promotion of colon cancer and insulin resistance were strongly correlated (n = 98, r = 0.67, P < 0.001). In addition, both were highly correlated with daily energy intake (r = 0.62 and 0.66) and were also correlated with basal (post-prandial) insulin, glucose and triglycerides (r = 0.31-0.53, P < 0.01). We concluded that ACF growth and glucose intolerance are correlated for a wide range of diets and that increased circulating energy (glucose and triglycerides) may lead to both colon cancer promotion and insulin resistance.      

Intracranial pial arteriovenous fistula in infancy: a case report and literature review

Intracranial pial arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) are rare vascular malformation especially in the first 2 years of life. The pathology in this age group is associated with greater morbidity and mortality. We report a rare case of 36-day-old male infant with a pial AVF associated with an arterial aneurysm, who presented with intraventricular hemorrhage and hydrocephalus. In addition, an online review of the literatures on pediatric pial AVF was performed using PubMed on published case reports and articles from 1980 to April 2013.