Changes of cancer diagnosis disclosure to children in Japan in the last 20 years

International Journal of Clinical Oncology - The practice of cancer diagnosis disclosure to children has been changed with the times. The regulations of clinical trials in the 2000s might change...     

Spatial metabolic profiles to discriminate dementia with Lewy bodies from Alzheimer disease

Journal of Neurology - To differentiate dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) from Alzheimer disease (AD) using a single imaging modality is challenging, because of their common hypometabolic findings....     

A case report of cutaneous melanocytoma with CRTC1‐TRIM11 fusion: Is CMCT distinct from clear cell sarcoma of soft tissue?

Pathological diagnosis of dermal melanocytic tumors is often problematic owing to histological resemblance. Recently, cutaneous melanocytoma with CRTC1‐TRIM11 (CMCT) was added to this category. However, only six cases have been reported so far. We herein present a case of a 77‐year‐old Japanese man with CMCT. The patient presented a nodule in the right thigh and underwent surgical resection. Histological examination indicated a well‐demarcated 6 × 5 mm‐sized tumor nodule in the dermis and subcutis. The tumor was amelanotic, consisting of uniform nests and fascicles of spindled, or epithelioid cells. The melanocytic nature was evident by immunohistochemistry. The CRTC1‐TRIM11 fusion was detected by TRIM11 immunostaining, chromogenic in situ hybridization, and RT‐PCR/direct sequencing. He has been free from the tumor for 1 year after additional resection. The main differential diagnosis of CMCT includes primary and metastatic dermal malignant melanomas (MM) and dermal/subcutaneous clear cell sarcoma (CCS). Additionally, histological overlap with paraganglioma‐like dermal melanocytic tumor was considered. Although some investigators argue that CMCT is a variant of CCS, we think it should be separated from CCS, and subcutaneous/dermal CCS should be confined to tumors with EWSR1‐ATF1/ CREB1 fusion. However, longer follow‐up and more case studies are needed for revealing the true prognosis of CMCT.     

The effects of epinephrine in local anesthetics on plasma catecholamine and hemodynamic responses

In order to clarify the influence of epinephrine in local anesthetics on endogenous epinephrine, we examined the concentration of plasma catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine) and hemodynamics by administering 4 ml of 2% lidocaine containing different concentrations of epinephrine. Forty-three healthy adult male volunteers were divided into five groups according to epinephrine concentration: 0-µg (group I), 10-µg (group II), 20-µg (group III), 40-µg (group IV), and 50-µg (group V). The parameters were examined immediately, and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 15, and 20 min after the injection. In groups II, III, IV, and V, the plasma epinephrine concentration was elevated to peak at 5 min after the injection, after which it started to decline. The amount of increase in the plasma epinephrine concentration at 5 min showed a highly positive correlation with the amount of epinephrine added to the local anesthetic in groups II, III, and IV. In group V the plasma epinephrine concentration showed a marked increase as compared to the baseline level. Plasma norepinephrine concentrations were found to be significantly elevated at 15 and 20 min in group V. A decrease in systolic blood pressure was observed at 4 and 5 min in group II. A decrease in diastolic blood pressure was observed at 5 min in group II; at 3, 4, and 5 min in group IV; and at 2, 3, 4, and 5 min in group V. Heart rate revealed no significant differences from baseline level in any of the groups and there were no significant differences among the groups. It is suggested that exogenous epinephrine added to a local anesthetic may stimulate the presynaptic β₂ receptors on sympathetic nerve endings and on the adrenomedulla, and accelerate the release of endogenous epinephrine.     

Inhibitory effect of aspirin on root resorption induced by mechanical injury of the soft periodontal tissues in rats

The purpose of the present study was to study histologically and histometrically the inhibitory effect of aspirin on root resorption induced by mechanical injury of the periodontal soft tissues in rats. Resorption lacuna in the root surface of the molar in animals given both mechanical injury and aspirin administration contained fewer odontoclasts and was smaller in length and area than that in animals given only mechanical injury. The result of the present investigation indicated that the administration of aspirin might suppress root resorption induced by mechanical injury of the periodontal soft tissues.     

Fluoride and magnesium concentrations in human dental calculus obtained from Japanese and Chinese patients

Calculus deposited on a total of 68 permanent teeth from patients 30-60 years old from Nagoya in Japan and Beijing in China was investigated. An abrasive microsampling method was used to examine the fluoride (F) and magnesium (Mg) distribution, using a fluoride ion-specific electrode and atomic absorption spectrophotometry, respectively. F concentrations decreased from the surface towards the interior of the calculus. Mg concentrations, however, gradually rose towards the innermost surface adjacent to the tooth. In all parts of the depth profiles, the average concentrations of both magnesium and fluoride were higher in the Japanese than in the Chinese calculus. Towards the inner surface of the calculus, F and Mg concentrations were also much higher in the Japanese than in the Chinese group. A greater intake of sea foods and greater use of fluoride dentifrices are possible reasons for the higher F and Mg concentrations in the Japanese individuals.     

18q-syndrome with cleft lip and palate. A clinically diagnosed case

A case of a child with 18q-syndrome was encountered. The patient presented cleft lip and palate, narrow auditory canals, overlapping fingers, undescended testes and micropenis. Chromosome analysis demonstrated partial deletion of the long arm of one chromosome 18 in the patient and normal chromosomes in the parents. A cheiloplasty for repair of bilateral complete cleft lip was performed.