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Methods Crossover studies and double blind experiments were designed using volunteers with informed consent. The trial was done twice per volunteer, that is, they had a tablet with or without the addition of protease from kiwifruits (test and placebo) with intervening washout periods of at least 2 weeks. The degree of change in tongue coating was evaluated visually using a tongue coating score which consisted of an area component (0–3) and a thickness component (0–3). An image analyzer was also used to measure the changing in actual area of coating.
Results The average value of the tongue coating scores after taking a test tablet (11.4 ± 5.2) was significantly smaller ( P < 0.01) than before taking the tablet (18.8 ± 7.0). Image analyzer measurements also showed significant reduction ( P < 0.01) of tongue coating by taking test tablet. On the other hand, a placebo tablet showed no significant effects in both analyses.
Conclusions This study indicated that taking protease tablets could reduce tongue coating. We are planning further clinical trials that can show reduced VSC concentrations in mouth air with decreasing tongue coating. 相似文献
Methods: Sixty-three KS patients in long-term care and their primary caregivers reported loneliness of the patients on the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale.
Results: A majority of KS patients reliably reported to feel lonely on both a social and emotional level of loneliness. The caregiving professionals rated loneliness of the patients even higher. Patients that had stayed in the clinic for a longer time tended to report less social loneliness, while caregivers reported less emotional loneliness in those patients. The KS-specific neuropsychiatric symptom of confabulations and a lack of social visits had a negative impact on social loneliness as perceived by the caregivers.
Conclusion: Loneliness is a large problem in patients with KS that live in a long term care facility. Social loneliness can be positively influenced by creating possibilities to interact with other people, although the severity of the neuropsychiatric aspects of KS could compromise the presence of those interactions. 相似文献