精神科护士夜班经历创伤事件后成长体验的质性研究

目的 探讨精神科护士夜班经历创伤事件后的成长体验,以期为护士不同阶段心理情况进行针对性干预和指导,并为护士职业生涯早期心理建设提供方向。方法 采用扎根理论的研究方法,2020年3月—7月对广东省某三级甲等医院12名夜班经历创伤事件的精神科护士进行深度访谈,采用Strauss和Corbin扎根理论分析资料,分为开放式登录、轴心式登录和选择式登录3个阶段,持续比较分析资料。结果 发现精神科护士夜班经历创伤事件后经历了应激期、调适期、成长期3个不同阶段。结论 精神科护士夜班经历创伤事件后的成长为动态过程,管理者或干预者可根据不同阶段进行针对性干预和指导,并在护士早期培训中促使其提前做好相关知识、技能的储备和必备心理素质的塑造。     

Comparison between tension band and cerclage with X-Plate and lag screws in treatment of comminuted patellar fractures

BackgroundComminuted patellar fractures are not rare, and the ideal treatment method remains controversial. The present study was conducted to evaluate effects and compare complications of two different methods used to treat comminuted patellar fractures.MethodsFrom March 2010 to August 2016, 102 cases of 34-C2 or 34-C3 comminuted patellar fractures were treated at our hospital, wherein patients received two different treatments: titanium cable tension band with cerclage method (group A) and intrafragmentary screws with X-shaped plating technique (group B). At follow-ups, articular step-off, range of motion (ROM), Lysholm scores, time of union, and complications were recorded and analyzed. Radiographic and clinical data as well as rate of complications were statistically analyzed.ResultsIn total, 87 patients were included in the final analysis (n = 47 in group A and n = 40 in group B). No significant differences were noted in terms of cost of implant, age, gender, rate of 34-C3 fractures, rate of layered inferior pole fractures, postoperative articular step-off and union time. At 2-year follow-up, average Lysholm scores, ROM and rate of complications were (89.0 ± 4.5), (122°±12°) and (27.7%) in group A and (90.2 ± 3.9), (124°±11°) and (17.5%) in group B, respectively, with no significant differences (p > 0.05). The mean time of surgery in group B was shorter than that in group A with significant difference (p < 0.05).ConclusionsTreatment using the intrafragmentary screws and plate method for amenable comminuted patellar fractures achieved similar complication rate and favorable functional outcomes at the 2-year follow-up, which was comparable to the titanium cable tension band with cerclage method. Thus, the intrafragmentary screws and plate method is effective, safe and convenient for 34-C2/C3 comminuted patellar fractures, especially appropriate for patients with layered fragments.     

CT引导徒手腔内联合插植自适应后装与传统A点后装治疗宫颈癌剂量比较

目的 探讨CT引导徒手腔内联合插植实现影像引导自适应后装(IGABT)相较于传统A点二维后装(CP)剂量学优势,明确其在宫颈癌治疗中的价值。方法 选取在中山大学肿瘤医院行全量放疗的宫颈癌患者 26例,每例患者行4次后装治疗。治疗时先徒手置入宫腔管及2根插植针,后增加插植针数量并调整方向、深度,分别行CT扫描获得2套图像。勾画高危临床靶区(HRCTV),A点和危及器官(直肠、膀胱及乙状结肠)。在2套图像上分别行CP和IGABT计划设计,并配对t检验、Wilcoxon检验两者剂量参数差异。结果 以CP计划的覆盖指数(CI)进行分组,A组(CI≥0.90)包含20个CP和对应IGABT计划,B组(CI<0.90)包含84个CP和对应IGABT计划。A组的HRCTV体积及肿瘤直径明显小于B组(46.7cm³∶62.1cm³,P<0.001及3.1cm∶4.4cm,P<0.0001)。IGABT显著提高所有及B组D90%及覆盖指数,降低膀胱剂量,减少A组乙状结肠剂量,并改善剂量适形度及均匀性。结论 IGABT能提高靶区覆盖、剂量适形度和均匀性,保护危及器官,且对肿瘤较大的患者仍有优势。     

Immunotherapy choice and maintenance for generalized myasthenia gravis in China

AimsTo compare long‐term efficacy and safety of immunotherapeutic strategies as maintenance to prevent disease relapses of generalized myasthenia gravis (MG) in real‐world settings.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study on generalized MG conducted in seven major neurological centers across China. Eligible participants were patients with generalized MG who were under minimal manifestation status or better. Main outcome measures were probability of patients free of relapses and causes of drug discontinuation.ResultsAmong 1064 patients enrolled, the median (interquartile range) age was 50.3 (37.0‐62.5) years and 641 (60.2%) were women. Disease relapse was significantly lower for rituximab (6.1%) compared with all the other monotherapies (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.06 to 0.56, P = .0030). As combination therapies, tacrolimus in combination with corticosteroids reduced risk of disease relapses compared with azathioprine with corticosteroids (HR = 0.45, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.81, P = .0077) or mycophenolate mofetil with corticosteroids (HR = 0.32, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.67, P = .0020). Otherwise, lower‐dose corticosteroids or azathioprine as monotherapy significantly increased risk of disease relapses (HR = 2.78, 95% CI 1.94 to 3.99, P < .0001; HR = 2.14, 95% CI 1.42 to 3.23, P = .0003, respectively). The proportion of discontinuation was lowest in patients with rituximab (20.4%) as monotherapy and tacrolimus with corticosteroids (23.6%). Overall, combination treatment of immunosuppressants with corticosteroids had a lower rate of discontinuation compared with corresponding monotherapy (HR = 0.51, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.71, P < .0001).ConclusionsRituximab as monotherapy and tacrolimus with corticosteroids displayed better clinical efficacy as well as drug maintenance to prevent disease relapses in patients with generalized MG.     

典型结节性硬化症1例临床表型及基因变异分析

【摘要】 目的 收集1例典型结节性硬化症患者的临床资料并检测其致病基因变异。方法 收集患者临床资料，应用二代测序法对患者进行致病基因筛查，采用Sanger测序法验证，构建迷你基因质粒转染至人肾上皮细胞系293T细胞，提取RNA进行转录分析。结果 患者临床表型包括反复癫痫发作，伴面部血管纤维瘤、甲周纤维瘤、肺淋巴管肌瘤病、肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤及多发性骨质硬化。二代测序提示患者TSC2基因存在可疑致病变异，经Sanger测序验证，患者TSC2基因第4号外显子存在c.336_336+15delGGTAAGGCCCAGGGCG杂合突变，其父母及100名无关健康对照未检测出该位点变异。该突变位点既往未见报道。迷你基因实验显示，患者TSC2基因mRNA序列发生改变，原4号外显子剪切位点丢失，插入74 bp内含子序列，使剪切位置后移90 bp（r.336delins336+16_336+90）。结论 TSC2基因第4号外显子c.336_336+15delGGTAAGGCCCAGGGCG杂合变异可导致异常剪切，可能是该结节性硬化症患者病因。     

盐酸氨溴索与多索茶碱治疗慢性支气管炎的疗效评价

目的探讨对慢性支气管炎急性发作期患者采用盐酸氨溴索联合多索茶碱治疗的临床疗效。方法选取本院收治的慢性支气管炎急性发作期患者88例为研究对象,收治时间为2018年3月-2019年3月,根据入院时间将患者随机分为两组,对照组(n=44)和观察组(n=44)。观察组患者采用盐酸氨溴索联合多索茶碱治疗,对照组采用多索茶碱治疗,对两组患者治疗后的治疗有效率以及两组患者症状改善情况进行观察比较。结果观察组患者治疗有效率(97.7%)高于对照组(84.1%),P <0.05;观察组患者症状改善情况优于对照组,P <0.05。结论盐酸氨溴索联合多索茶碱治疗慢性支气管炎急性发作期患者,临床疗效较好,改善患者症状情况。     

Effect of corneal stromal pocket irrigation in small-incision lenticule extraction

ObjectivesTo investigate the effect of corneal stromal pocket irrigation after small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) on visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), corneal parameters and complications after surgery.MethodsA total of 242 eyes of 121 patients undergoing SMILE were enrolled in this prospective controlled study, and it was designed for one eye to randomly undergo SMILE with balanced salt solution irrigation of the corneal stromal pocket, while the other eye was not. The uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) and slit lamp examination were recorded at 1 hour, 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month. Postoperative corneal density, corneal biomechanical, corneal endothelial cell number, and anterior OCT images were compared at 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month.ResultsCompared with the nonirrigation group, the irrigation group showed significantly higher UDVA at 1 day postoperatively (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference during the rest of the postoperative period (1 hour, 1 week, and 1 month). In addition, no significant differences were found in IOP, corneal density, corneal biomechanics, corneal endothelial cells, and corneal morphology. No visual decline or severe postoperative complications were found in the patients in this study.ConclusionsInterlamellar irrigation did not affect IOP, corneal parameters, morphology, complications, or UDVA at 1 hour, 1 week, and 1 month after the operation, but it may promote UDVA 1 day after the operation.Subject terms: Refractive errors, Outcomes research, Surgery     

Family nursing with the assistance of network improves clinical outcome and life quality in patients underwent coronary artery bypass grafting: A consolidated standards of reporting trials-compliant randomized controlled trial

Background:Family nursing with the assistance of network (FNAN) improves nurses’ practice and provides family/community-oriented nursing care. This study aimed to explore the effects of FNAN on the clinical outcome and life quality of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CHD) patients underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).Trial Design:This study is a randomized, placebo-controlled and double-blind trial.Methods:One-hundred and twelve patients underwent CABG were randomly divided into control group (CG, routine family nursing care) and experimental group (EG, FNAN) and the allocation ratio was 1:1. The situation of anxiety and depression were analyzed using the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) scale and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD). Sleep quality was measured by using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Lung function parameters were measured, including minute ventilation (MVV), partial pressure of oxygen (PaO₂), partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygen saturation measurement by pulse oximetry (SpO₂), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC). Life quality was measured by using Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Assessment Test (CAT).Results:After a 3-month intervention, 10 and 6 patients were lost in the CG and EG groups, respectively. The scores of HAMA, HAMD, PSQI and CAT were reduced in the EG group when compared with the CG group (P < .05). The values of MVV, PaO₂, SpO₂, FEV1 and FVC in the EG group was higher than those in the CG group whereas the levels of PaCO₂ in the EG group was lower than those in the CG group (P < .05). PSQI score had a strong relationship with the values of MVV, PaO₂, PaCO₂, SpO₂, FEV1, and FVC.Conclusion:FNAN improves the clinical outcome and life quality in the patients underwent CABG.