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1.
Kari Hemminki Kristina Sundquist Jan Sundquist Asta Försti Vaclav Liska Akseli Hemminki Xinjun Li 《International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer》2023,152(6):1107-1114
Many environmental risk factors for hepatobiliary cancers are known but whether they are associated with specific cancer types is unclear. We present here a novel approach of assessing standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) of previously diagnosed comorbidities for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), gallbladder cancer (GBC), cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) and ampullary cancer. The 13 comorbidities included alcohol and nonalcohol related liver disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, gallstone disease, viral and other kinds of hepatitis, infection of bile ducts, hepatic and other autoimmune diseases, obesity and diabetes. Patients were identified from the Swedish Inpatient Register from 1987 to 2018, and their cancers were followed from 1997 onwards. SIRs for HCC were 80 to 100 in men and women diagnosed with hepatitis C virus and they were also >10 in patients diagnosed with hepatitis B virus, other kind of hepatitis, hepatic autoimmune disease and nonalcohol related liver disease. Many of these risks, as well as alcohol related liver disease, were either specific to HCC or were shared with intrahepatic CCA. For GBC, CCA and ampullary cancer infection of bile ducts was the main risk factor. Gallstone disease, nonhepatic autoimmune diseases and diabetes were associated with all hepatobiliary cancers. The limitations of the study include inability to cover some rare risk factors and limited follow-up time. Many of the considered comorbidities are characterized by chronic inflammation and/or overt immune disturbance in autoimmune diseases. The results suggest that local chronic inflammation and a related immune disturbance is the carcinogenic trigger for all these cancers. 相似文献
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Kerryn W. Reding Aaron K. Aragaki Richard K. Cheng Ana Barac Sylvia Wassertheil-Smoller Jessica Chubak Marian C. Limacher W. Gregory Hundley Ralph D'Agostino Jr. Mara Z. Vitolins Theodore M. Brasky Laurel A. Habel Eric J. Chow Rebecca D. Jackson Chu Chen April Morgenroth Wendy E. Barrington Matthew Banegas Matthew Barnhart Rowan T. Chlebowski 《The oncologist》2020,25(8):712-721
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Liam Masterson James Howard Jazmina Gonzalez-Cruz Christopher Jackson Catherine Barnett Lewis Overton Howard Liu Rahul Ladwa Fiona Simpson Margie McGrath Ben Wallwork Terry Jones Christian Ottensmeier Melvin L.K. Chua Chris Perry Rajiv Khanna Benedict Panizza Sandro Porceddu Matt Lechner 《International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer》2020,146(8):2305-2314
Now is an exciting era of development in immunotherapy checkpoint inhibitors and their effect on the treatment of NPC. While the general prognosis of R/M disease is poor, immunotherapy offers some promise in a malignancy associated with EBV and characterized by a peritumoural immune infiltrate. Our study aims to review past and on-going clinical trials of monoclonal antibody therapies against the checkpoint inhibitors (e.g. PD1 and CTLA-4), in R/M NPC. All randomized and nonrandomized controlled trials involving immune checkpoint inhibitor interventions for treatment of NPC were included in the study. We utilized a validated “risk of bias” tool to assess study quality. Four separate Phase I–II trials report the potential of PD1 inhibitor treatment for patients with NPC. Within the observed groups, camrelizumab combined with chemotherapy achieved an objective response in 91% of patients as first-line treatment for metastatic NPC (PFS 68% at 1-year) but this was associated with a high rate of grade >3 adverse events (87%; CTCAE version 4.03). The remaining three studies focused on recurrent NPC disease in patients who had received at least one line of prior chemotherapy. Within this group, camrelizumab monotherapy achieved an objective response in 34% of patients (PFS 27% at 1-year; range across all three studies 20.5–34%). No NPC trial has yet reported on specific outcomes for non-PD1 checkpoint inhibitors but 11 on-going studies include alternative targets (e.g. PD-L1/CTLA-4) as combination or monotherapy treatments. In considering checkpoint immunotherapies for NPC, initial results show promise for anti-PD1 interventions. Further phase I–III trials are in progress to clarify clinical outcomes, fully determine safety profiles, and optimize drug combinations and administration schedules. 相似文献
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Kristina Shkirkova Krista Lamorie-Foote Michelle Connor Arati Patel Giuseppe Barisano Hans Baertsch 《Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part B, Critical reviews》2020,23(7):319-350
ABSTRACT Fine and ultra-fine particulate matter (PM) are major constituents of urban air pollution and recognized risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. This review examined the effects of PM exposure on vascular tissue. Specific mechanisms by which PM affects the vasculature include inflammation, oxidative stress, actions on vascular tone and vasomotor responses, as well as atherosclerotic plaque formation. Further, there appears to be a greater PM exposure effect on susceptible individuals with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions. 相似文献
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