Systemic sclerosis and exposure to heavy metals

As a mirror image of the Roman god Janus Bifrons, the environment has a hidden face. To highlight this hidden face of the environment in the field of systemic sclerosis (SSc) will allow to identify responsible agents emerging in the future. To date, there is, in fact, a growing scientific evidence that environmental factors have a crucial impact on both alterations and modulation of epigenetic determinants, resulting in SSc onset and progression. It has been well established that there is a marked correlation between SSc onset and occupational exposure to crystalline silica and organic solvents. More recently, an association between SSc and exposure to heavy metals has further been found, including: antimony, cadmium, lead, mercury. These latter findings interestingly underscore that occupational exposure to heavy metals should be systematically checked in all SSc patients at diagnosis, as the identification of the occupational toxic agent will allow its interruption, which may result in potential improvement of SSc outcome.     

Proteases and their inhibitors as prognostic factors for high-grade serous ovarian cancer

Ovarian carcinoma is one of the most lethal malignancies, but only very few prognostic biomarkers are known. The degradome, comprising proteases, protease non-proteolytic homologues and inhibitors, have been involved in the prognosis of many cancer types, including ovarian carcinoma. The prognostic significance of the whole degradome family has not been specifically studied in high-grade serous ovarian cancer. A targeted DNA microarray known as the CLIP-CHIP microarray was used to identify potential prognostic factors in ten high-grade serous ovarian cancer women who had early recurrence (<1.6 years) or late/no recurrence after first line surgery and chemotherapy. In women with early recurrence, we identified seven upregulated genes (TMPRSS4, MASP1/3, SPC18, PSMB1, IGFBP2, CFI – encoding Complement Factor I – and MMP9) and one down-regulated gene (ADAM-10). Using immunohistochemistry, we evaluated the prognostic effect of these 8 candidate genes in an independent cohort of 112 high-grade serous ovarian cancer women. Outcomes were progression, defined according to CA-125 criteria, and death. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models were done to estimate the associations between each protein and each outcome. High ADAM-10 expression (intensity of 2–3) was associated with a lower risk of progression (adjusted hazard ratio (HR): 0.51; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.29-0.87). High complement factor I expression (intensity 2–3) was associated with a higher risk of progression (adjusted HR: 2.30, 95% CI: 1.17–4.53) and death (adjusted HR: 3.42; 95% CI: 1.72–6.79). Overall, we identified the prognostic value of two proteases, ADAM-10 and complement factor I, for high-grade serous ovarian cancer which could have clinical significance.     

Prospective Comparison of Toxicity and Cosmetic Outcome After Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation With Conformal External Beam Radiotherapy or Single-Entry Multilumen Intracavitary Brachytherapy

Purpose

This study aimed to prospectively characterize toxicity and cosmesis after accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) with 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (CRT) or single-entry, multilumen, intracavitary brachytherapy.

ASO Author Reflections: Is Surgical Excision Necessary in Lobular Neoplasia with Synchronous Breast Carcinoma?

Annals of Surgical Oncology -