收费全文 | 11967篇 |
免费 | 636篇 |
国内免费 | 32篇 |
耳鼻咽喉 | 93篇 |
儿科学 | 357篇 |
妇产科学 | 317篇 |
基础医学 | 1976篇 |
口腔科学 | 238篇 |
临床医学 | 1161篇 |
内科学 | 2158篇 |
皮肤病学 | 186篇 |
神经病学 | 1151篇 |
特种医学 | 504篇 |
外国民族医学 | 3篇 |
外科学 | 1573篇 |
综合类 | 137篇 |
一般理论 | 9篇 |
预防医学 | 953篇 |
眼科学 | 209篇 |
药学 | 863篇 |
中国医学 | 44篇 |
肿瘤学 | 703篇 |
2023年 | 56篇 |
2022年 | 41篇 |
2021年 | 193篇 |
2020年 | 146篇 |
2019年 | 208篇 |
2018年 | 246篇 |
2017年 | 172篇 |
2016年 | 225篇 |
2015年 | 265篇 |
2014年 | 372篇 |
2013年 | 489篇 |
2012年 | 790篇 |
2011年 | 865篇 |
2010年 | 496篇 |
2009年 | 427篇 |
2008年 | 718篇 |
2007年 | 745篇 |
2006年 | 697篇 |
2005年 | 717篇 |
2004年 | 657篇 |
2003年 | 575篇 |
2002年 | 579篇 |
2001年 | 96篇 |
2000年 | 65篇 |
1999年 | 88篇 |
1998年 | 102篇 |
1997年 | 86篇 |
1996年 | 67篇 |
1995年 | 84篇 |
1994年 | 67篇 |
1993年 | 64篇 |
1992年 | 42篇 |
1991年 | 58篇 |
1990年 | 44篇 |
1989年 | 44篇 |
1985年 | 45篇 |
1984年 | 51篇 |
1983年 | 44篇 |
1982年 | 45篇 |
1974年 | 44篇 |
1933年 | 71篇 |
1932年 | 59篇 |
1931年 | 57篇 |
1930年 | 52篇 |
1929年 | 44篇 |
1928年 | 45篇 |
1927年 | 52篇 |
1926年 | 54篇 |
1925年 | 49篇 |
1924年 | 52篇 |
Background
The Parkland Grading Scale for Cholecystitis (PGS) was developed as an intraoperative grading scale to stratify gallbladder (GB) disease severity during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). We aimed to prospectively validate this scale as a measure of LC outcomes.Methods
Eleven surgeons took pictures of and prospectively graded the initial view of 317?GBs using PGS while performing LC (LIVE) between 9/2016 and 3/2017. Three independent surgeon raters retrospectively graded these saved GB images (STORED). The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) statistic assessed rater reliability. Fisher's Exact, Jonckheere-Terpstra, or ANOVA tested association between peri-operative data and gallbladder grade.Results
ICC between LIVE and STORED PGS grades demonstrated excellent reliability (ICC?=?0.8210). Diagnosis of acute cholecystitis, difficulty of surgery, incidence of partial and open cholecystectomy rates, pre-op WBC, length of operation, and bile leak rates all significantly increased with increasing grade.Conclusions
PGS is a highly reliable, simple, operative based scale that can accurately predict outcomes after LC.Table of contents summary
The Parkland Grading Scale for Cholecystitis was found to be a reliable and accurate predictor of laparoscopic cholecystectomy outcomes. Diagnosis of acute cholecystitis, surgical difficulty, incidence of partial and open cholecystectomy rates, pre-op WBC, operation length, and bile leak rates all significantly increased with increasing grade. 相似文献Method: In a sample of 153 older Swedish adults (age range, 72–86 years), we evaluated the influence of common age-related diseases, terminal decline pathology, age, education, and gender, to provide (a) preliminary test-specific regression weights and 90% confidence intervals to assess significant change in performance after five years on tests of visual scanning, mental shifting, visual spatial ability, memory, reaction time, and selective attention, and (b) normative data for the Useful Field of View test (UFOV) from a single testing occasion.
Results: Multiple regression analyses showed that test–retest changes were affected by physical health for mental shifting, visual spatial ability, memory, and reaction time, by age for mental shifting and visual reaction time, by education for visual spatial ability, and by Age × Education for auditory reaction time. Gender did not affect any of the change scores. The overall average of variance explained was 2.5%: up to 8.1% for physical health, 4.4% for age, and 3.6% for education. The UFOV scores were mostly influenced by age, but also by physical health and education.
Conclusions: The findings indicate that considering the influence of health on normative change scores in old age in addition to demographic factors leads to more accurate predictions of whether true change has occurred. 相似文献