Developing normal number of small segments-activity clouds of the electromyography interference pattern

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathy associated with numerous viral infections. Recently, there have been many case reports describing the association between coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) and GBS, but much remains unknown about the strength of the association and the features of GBS in this setting. We reviewed 37 published cases of GBS associated with COVID-19 to summarize this information for clinicians and to determine whether a specific clinical or electrodiagnostic (EDx) pattern is emerging. The mean age (59 years), gender (65% male), and COVID-19 features appeared to reflect those of hospitalized COVID-19 patients early in the pandemic. The mean time from COVID-19 symptoms to GBS symptoms was 11 days. The clinical presentation and severity of these GBS cases was similar to those with non–COVID-19 GBS. The EDx pattern was considered demyelinating in approximately half of the cases. Cerebrospinal fluid, when assessed, demonstrated albuminocytologic dissociation in 76% of patients and was negative for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome–coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in all cases. Serum antiganglioside antibodies were absent in 15 of 17 patients tested. Most patients were treated with a single course of intravenous immunoglobulin, and improvement was noted within 8 weeks in most cases. GBS-associated COVID-19 appears to be an uncommon condition with similar clinical and EDx patterns to GBS before the pandemic. Future studies should compare patients with COVID-19–associated GBS to those with contemporaneous non–COVID-19 GBS and determine whether the incidence of GBS is elevated in those with COVID-19.     

Impact of Superdisintegrants and Film Thickness on Disintegration Time of Strip Films Loaded With Poorly Water-Soluble Drug Microparticles

Although strip films are a promising platform for delivery of poorly water-soluble drug particles via slurry casting, the effect of critical material attributes, for example, superdisintegrants (SDIs) on critical quality attributes, including film disintegration time (DT), remains underexplored. A 2-level factorial design is considered to examine the impact of the SDI type (sodium starch glycolate and croscarmellose sodium), their amount, and film thickness. SDIs were used with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (E15LV) and glycerin solutions along with viscosity matching. Fenofibrate, a model poorly water-soluble drug, was micronized and surface modified via fluid energy milling. Significant decreases in film DT, measured using 3 different methods, were observed due to the addition of SDIs. Percentage reduction in DT was a strong function of SDI amount, and thinner films disintegrated faster. Films with either higher SDI concentrations (>9%) or films under 80 μm, exhibited fast DT (<180 s, European Pharmacopeia). All thin films (50-60 μm) exhibited immediate release (>80% in 10 min). All films achieved good content uniformity, except for those with the lowest amount of SDI, attributed to insufficient viscosity and thickness nonuniformity due to the SDI. Finally, all films achieved adequate mechanical properties, notwithstanding minor negative impact of SDIs.     

甲状腺癌术后早期残留甲状腺再次手术中喉返神经监测的作用

目的探讨术中神经监测术在甲状腺癌术后5~15天行残留甲状腺切除术中的应用,对术后血清甲状腺球蛋白、喉返神经及甲状旁腺功能的影响。方法回顾性分析中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院甲状腺外科2010年1月至2016年12月甲状腺手术的患者资料,对符合纳入标准的病例进行分析,并根据术中是否使用神经监测术分为神经监测组和非神经监测组,统计分析术后暂时性及永久性喉返神经损伤性声音嘶哑、暂时性及永久性甲状旁腺功能低下发生率、术前及术后血清甲状腺球蛋白(Tg)浓度。结果符合纳入标准患者435例,其中神经监测组227例、非神经监测组208例。神经监测组平均术前血清Tg浓度为18.66±2.3 ng/mL,非神经监测组平均术前Tg浓度为17.43±1.4 ng/mL,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。非神经监测组8.67%(18/208)患者出现暂时性声嘶,神经监测组2.2%(5/227)患者出现暂时性声嘶,有统计学差异(P0.05)。非神经监测组1.92%(4/208)患者出现永久性声嘶,神经监测组0.44%(1/227)患者出现永久性声嘶,无统计学差异(P0.05);非神经监测组18.75%(39/208)患者出现暂时性甲状旁腺功能减退,神经监测组7.49%(17/227)患者出现暂时性甲状旁腺功能减退,有统计学差异(P0.05);非神经监测组1.92%(4/208)患者出现永久性甲状旁腺功能减退,神经监测组0.88%(2/227)患者出现永久性甲状旁腺功能减退,两组比较没有统计学差异(P0.05)。非神经监测组术后1月平均Tg浓度为2.82±0.2 ng/mL,神经监测组术后1月平均Tg浓度为1.37±0.2 ng/mL,有统计学差异(P0.05)。非神经监测组45.06%(94/208)患者术后1个月平均Tg浓度小于1 ng/mL,神经监测组67.4%(153/227)患者术后1个月平均Tg浓度为小于1 ng/mL,有统计学差异(P0.05)。结论残留甲状腺切除术中应用术中神经监测术可降低喉返神经损伤及甲状旁腺功能低下发生率,提高残留甲状腺组织及癌组织切除的彻底性,可将初次术后残余甲状腺手术的"窗口期"由5天延长至15天。     

椎旁肌肉减少与经皮椎体后凸成形术后邻近节段再骨折的相关性分析

【摘要】 目的：探讨椎旁肌肉减少与经皮椎体后凸成形术（percutaneous kyphoplasty,PKP）治疗骨质疏松压缩性骨折（osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture,OVCF）术后邻近节段椎体压缩性骨折（adjacent vertebral compression fracture,AVCF）之间的相关性。方法：收集2017年1月~2019年12月在我院接受PKP治疗1年内发生AVCF的OVCF患者的272例患者资料,符合纳入和排除标准的42例患者被选为AVCF组,对照组为同一时期在我院接受PKP治疗1年内未发生AVCF的OVCF患者,根据年龄、性别、体质指数（body mass index,BMI）和首次PKP治疗的节段,与AVCF组中的每例患者进行严格的倾向性评分匹配。两组患者术前进行腰椎MRI检查,在MRI上测量L3和L4水平椎旁肌（paravertebral muscle,PVM）[多裂肌 （multifidus,MF）、竖脊肌（erector spinae,ES）、腰大肌（psoas,PS）]总横截面积（cross-sectional area,CSA）和功能横截面积 （functional cross-sectional area,FCSA）,计算CSA椎体指数、FCSA椎体指数。在矢状位重建CT图像上获取L5 CT值为术前椎体的骨密度（bone mineral density,BMD）;在X线片上测量后凸角（kyphotic angle,KA）、椎体前后壁高度（anterior-to-posterior body height,AP）比值,记录有无骨水泥渗漏入椎间盘等。采用t检验、ROC曲线分析、Delong检验和多因素Logistic回归分析,寻找PKP术后AVCF的独立危险因素。结果：在L3和L4水平,AVCF组MF、ES、PVM和PS 的平均CSA、FCSA及FCSA椎体指数均小于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。Delong检验显示L4水平ES（0.806 vs 0.900）和PVM（0.861 vs 0.941）的FCSA椎体指数对于预测AVCF的AUC大于L3水平,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。ROC曲线分析显示L4水平PVM的FCSA椎体指数,其AUC为0.941（P<0.001）,敏感性和特异性均为 90.5%。单因素分析显示AVCF组中患者BMD低于对照组 （93.55±14.99HU vs 106.31±10.95HU）;术前后凸角大于对照组（16.02°±17.36° vs 12.87°±6.58°）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。Logistic回归分析显示,L4水平PVM的FCSA椎体指数减少（OR 0.830;95%CI 0.760~0.906）和BMD降低（OR 0.928;95%CI 0.891~0.966）是PKP术后AVCF的独立危险因素。结论：L4椎旁肌肉减少是OVCF患者PKP术后AVCF的独立危险因素。     

复方芩部丹颗粒治疗阴虚火旺型耐多药肺结核

目的观察复方芩部丹颗粒辅助化疗药物治疗阴虚火旺型耐多药肺结核(MDR-PTB)强化期的临床疗效。方法采用多中心、随机、平行对照临床研究,纳入符合标准MDR-PTB患者72例,治疗组、对照组各36例。对照组采用基础化疗方案(6 Amk,Pa,Lfx+15 Pa,Lfx)+X(X药物由各中心专家根据患者个体病况选择,原则不超过3种)治疗,治疗组在给予基础化疗方案的同时服用复方芩部丹颗粒。观察比较2组治疗前、强化期治疗结束时(治疗第6个月)痰结核菌培养、痰抗酸杆菌涂片、胸片、中医证候积分。结果强化期治疗结束时,治疗组、对照组痰菌转阴率无统计学意义(P0.05);痰涂片阳性分级计数2组分别与治疗前比较均有显著性下降(P0.05),2组间比较有统计学意义(P0.05);在胸片病灶吸收、空洞闭合缩小、中医证候积分方面,治疗组优于对照组,2组间比较有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论复方芩部丹颗粒能降低阴虚火旺型MDR-PTB患者痰液结核菌含量,降低传染性,能促进阴虚火旺型MDR-PTB患者肺部病灶吸收、空洞缩小及闭合,减轻患者症状。     

羟丙基淀粉空心胶囊对螺内酯含量的影响

摘 要 目的： 考察羟丙基淀粉胶囊对螺内酯胶囊主药含量的影响。方法: 分别在强光（4 000 Lx±500 Lx）、高温（40℃）、高湿（相对湿度75%±5%）的条件下放置5 d和10 d,采用高效液相色谱法检查样品放置前后含量改变,同时观察外观、色泽等药物性状的变化。结果:经高温、高湿、光照试验后,测得标示含量值均在93.45%～100.37%之间,符合标准规定（93.0%～107.0%）。结论: 羟丙基淀粉空心胶囊与螺内酯相容性较好。     

儿童慢性活动性EB病毒感染合并UNC13D基因突变3例临床分析

目的探讨儿童慢性活动性EB病毒感染(CAEBV)合并UNC13D基因突变的临床特点,为临床诊治提供思路。方法对北京儿童医院血液肿瘤中心收治的3例CAEBV患儿进行基因突变筛查,对临床病例资料进行回顾性总结分析。结果3例患儿均存在UNC13D杂合子突变,但突变位点不同。例1和例2给予抗病毒治疗后好转出院,院外分别随访38个月和26个月,期间均出现EB病毒活动表现。例3行异基因造血干细胞移植术,随访34个月,仍无病生存。结论儿童CAEBV可能存在UNC13D基因突变,该突变可能为CAEBV发病机制以及预后差的重要原因之一。小年龄起病的发热、肝脾淋巴结肿大患儿,若EBV-DNA持续高滴度,建议尽早进行UNC13D基因突变的筛查。CAEBV患儿单纯抗病毒治疗效果差,异基因造血干细胞移植是根治性治疗手段。     

Aging increases the susceptibility of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity

Cisplatin (CDDP) nephrotoxicity is one of the most common side effects in cancer treatment, causing the disruption of chemotherapy. In this study, we analyzed the influence of nongenetic factors on CDDP-induced nephrotoxiciy using the data from 182 CDDP-treated and 52 carboplatin (CBP)-treated patients. The mean change of eGFR (100 % to baseline) in CDDP-treated patients was −9.2 %, which was significantly lower than that in the population with CBP therapy. By using the chi-squared test and multivariate logistic regression analysis, age (≥50 years) is found associated with CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity, with odds ratio (OR) of 9.167 and 11.771, respectively. Three- and 18-month-old mice were employed to study the age-dependent susceptibility of CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity. Biochemical parameters, histopathogical examination, and mRNA biomarkers indicated that old mice were subjected to more severe kidney injury. In addition, old mice accumulated more CDDP in kidney than young mice, and the protein level of CDDP efflux transporter, MATE1, in aged mice kidney was 35 % of that in young mice. Moreover, inflammatory receptor TLR4 was higher in the kidney of old mice, indicating the alteration of inflammatory signaling in old mice. After CDDP administration, the induced alterations of TNF-α, ICAM-1, and TLR4 were more extensive in old mice. To summarize, aging increased the susceptibility of CDDP-induced renal function decline or nephrotoxicity.

Electronic supplementary material

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