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Lorna Hardy Katherine Josephy Amy McAndrew Phil Hawksley Lucie Hartley 《Addiction Research & Theory》2019,27(2):122-129
There is clear experimental evidence for a causal link between alcohol misuse and violent behaviour. Treatments for alcohol misuse with offenders are therefore justified on the grounds that they may reduce violent behaviour and thus re-offending. The current paper tested whether a 10-session CBT intervention with offenders still in prison would produce improvements across three time points (pre, post and follow up) in self-reported alcohol expectancies, aggressiveness, impulsivity, and self-efficacy in managing alcohol use and violent behaviour. The programme focussed on educating participants on the relationship between alcohol use and violence, modifying unhelpful cognitions, and providing skills based training to manage potential triggers. Data from 49 offenders in prison were collected pre-intervention, post-intervention, and at three month follow up. Long term improvements (from pre- to post-intervention and follow up) were observed with respect to alcohol expectancies (in terms of sociability and liquid courage), impulsive responding to negative affect triggers, trait anger, and confidence in managing alcohol use and offending behaviour. These findings provide preliminary evidence for the efficacy of the CBT programme in reducing harmful alcohol use and associated violence. Limitations and recommendations for future evaluation of the intervention are discussed. 相似文献
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Hardy Weisshoff Katrin Wenzel Sarah Schulze-Rothe Heike Nikolenko Hanna Davideit Niels-Peter Becker Peter Göttel G. Susan Srivatsa Margitta Dathe Johannes Müller Annekathrin Haberland 《Journal of pharmaceutical sciences》2018,107(8):2033-2041
Possible unwanted folding of biopharmaceuticals during manufacturing and storage has resulted in analysis schemes compared to small molecules that include bioanalytical characterization besides chemical characterization. Whether bioanalytical characterization is required for nucleotide-based drugs, may be decided on a case-by-case basis. Nucleotide-based pharmaceuticals, if chemically synthesized, occupy an intermediate position between small-molecule drugs and biologics. Here, we tested whether a physicochemical characterization of a nucleotide-based drug substance, BC 007, was adequate, using circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. Nuclear magnetic resonance confirmed CD data in one experimental setup. BC 007 forms a quadruplex structure under specific external conditions, which was characterized for its stability and structural appearance also after denaturation using CD and nuclear magnetic resonance. The amount of the free energy (ΔG0) involved in quadruplex formation of BC 007 was estimated at +8.7 kJ/mol when dissolved in water and +1.4 kJ/mol in 154 mM NaCl, indicating structural instability under these conditions. However, dissolution of the substance in 5 mM of KCl reduced the ΔG0 to ?5.6 kJ/mol due to the stabilizing effect of cations. These results show that positive ΔG0 of quadruplex structure formation in water and aqueous NaCl prevents BC 007 from preforming stable 3-dimensional structures, which could potentially affect drug function. 相似文献