Are plain-language summaries included in published reports of evidence about physiotherapy interventions? Analysis of 4421 randomised trials,systematic reviews and guidelines on the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro)

BackgroundA plain-language summary is a short and clearly stated version of a study’s results using non-scientific vocabulary that provide many advantages for patients and clinicians in the process of shared decision-making.ObjectivesThe primary objective was to investigate the extent to which published reports of physiotherapy interventions provide plain-language summaries. We investigate as the secondary objectives if the available plain-language summaries are at a suitable reading level for a lay person and if inclusion of plain-language summaries in these reports is increasing over time and is associated with trial quality (i.e. PEDro score).Data sourcesAll 4421 randomised controlled trials (RCT), systematic reviews and clinical practice guidelines that included plain-language summaries indexed on Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) were included.Main outcome measuresProportion of published reports with plain-language summaries, Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRES) and the Flesch–Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL).ResultsThe number of published reports with a plain-language summary doubled in the last 6 years. From a total of 34,444 reports indexed on PEDro, only 4421 reports had English plain-language summaries. RCTs with plain-language summaries had higher PEDro scores than RCTs without plain-language summaries (mean difference = 0.8 points, 95%CI 0.7 to 0.8). Only 2% of reports were considered at a suitable reading level by the FKGL formula and 0.1% by the FRES formula.ConclusionsAlthough the publication of plain-language summaries is increasing over time, the current number corresponds to only 13% of all published reports. In addition the majority of plain-language summaries are written at an advanced reading level.     

Reduced CD8+ T cells infiltration can be associated to a malignant transformation in potentially malignant oral epithelial lesions

Clinical Oral Investigations - The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical expressions of PD1, CD4+, and CD8+ in premalignant lesions (OPML) that were transformed into oral...