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排序方式： 共有10000条查询结果，搜索用时 46 毫秒
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Neil Ryan Johanna Wall Emma J Crosbie Mark Arends Tjalling Bosse Saimah Arif Asma Faruqi Ian Frayling Raji Ganesan Ye L Hock Raymond McMahon Ranjit Manchanda W Glenn McCluggage Pinias Mukonoweshuro Gerhard van Schalkwyk Lucy Side John H Smith Bruce Tanchel D Gareth Evans C Blake Gilks Naveena Singh 《Histopathology》2019,75(6):813-824
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Benjamin Davido Rui Batista Aurélien Dinh Pierre de Truchis E.M. Terveer Bruce Roberts Ed J. Kuijper Silvia Caballero 《International journal of antimicrobial agents》2019,53(5):553-556
Background
Spontaneous decolonization of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) takes time: approximately 25% after 30 days for carbapenem-producing Enterobacteriaceae or extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae. Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been proposed as a new strategy to promote decolonization in order to reduce the risk of superinfection due to these ARB. This paper discusses the literature on the use of FMT for this indication, and the improvement levers available to promote its efficacy.Methods
Literature available to date concerning the use of FMT to eradicate ARB was reviewed, and the different factors that may have influenced the efficacy of decolonization were evaluated.Results
Four axes that could have played major roles in the efficacy of FMT were identified: bowel preparation before FMT; donor; dose; and thermal conditioning of faeces. The positive or negative impact of each on the outcome of FMT is discussed.Conclusion
Although FMT is very efficient for the eradication of Clostridium difficile, the same ‘recipe’ cannot be used for the eradication of ARB. Working together with expert centres may help to improve the efficacy of FMT for this indication, and enable the reduction of in-hospital isolation precautions. 相似文献6.
Background
In 2011, Israel instituted financial incentives as part of a larger program to attract doctors to residency programs in peripheral hospitals.Objective
To explore the impact of these incentives and related changes on the choices of locations for residency training in Israel.Methods
We performed (A) an analysis of administrative data on the location of all new medical residencies in 2005–2014 (B) an internet/phone survey of residents who began specialty training in 2013–2014, with a response rate of 71%.Results
(A) Of all entrants to residency training programs in Israel, those in peripheral hospitals constituted 16–20% in 2005–2010, 19% in 2011, 23% in 2012, and 23% in 2013; the increase consisted predominantly of physicians who were graduates of non-Israeli medical schools (B) About half of all residents in the periphery reported that the incentives contributed to their choice of residency location. About 40% of that group also reported that they had planned already in medical school to practice in the periphery, while 60% of that group (30% of all residents in the periphery) did not have such plans prior to medical school. About 70% of the residents in peripheral hospitals grew up in the periphery; for the southern periphery this was 40% and for the northern periphery this was 80%.Conclusions
The changes instituted in 2011 apparently affected residency location preferences for a non-negligible proportion of young physicians, particularly among those who grew up in the periphery. Policymakers should consider combining targeted incentives with measures to increase the supply of physicians who grew up in the periphery. 相似文献7.
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Bruce A. Chabner 《The oncologist》2019,24(5):721-722
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AbstractArtificial intelligence is a growing phenomenon that is driving major changes to how we deliver healthcare. One of its most significant and challenging contributions is likely to be in diagnosis. Artificial intelligence is challenging the physician’s exclusive role in diagnosis and in some areas, its diagnostic accuracy exceeds that of humans. We argue that we urgently need to consider how we will incorporate AI into our teaching of clinical reasoning in the undergraduate curriculum; students need to successfully navigate the benefits and potential issues of new and developing approaches to AI in clinical diagnosis. We offer a pedagogical framework for this challenging change to our curriculum. 相似文献