全文获取类型
收费全文 | 699篇 |
免费 | 40篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 2篇 |
儿科学 | 31篇 |
妇产科学 | 8篇 |
基础医学 | 72篇 |
口腔科学 | 26篇 |
临床医学 | 73篇 |
内科学 | 144篇 |
皮肤病学 | 11篇 |
神经病学 | 74篇 |
特种医学 | 19篇 |
外科学 | 67篇 |
综合类 | 3篇 |
一般理论 | 1篇 |
预防医学 | 39篇 |
眼科学 | 10篇 |
药学 | 108篇 |
中国医学 | 1篇 |
肿瘤学 | 51篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 10篇 |
2022年 | 4篇 |
2021年 | 27篇 |
2020年 | 17篇 |
2019年 | 20篇 |
2018年 | 13篇 |
2017年 | 19篇 |
2016年 | 25篇 |
2015年 | 27篇 |
2014年 | 25篇 |
2013年 | 34篇 |
2012年 | 69篇 |
2011年 | 75篇 |
2010年 | 37篇 |
2009年 | 29篇 |
2008年 | 49篇 |
2007年 | 62篇 |
2006年 | 37篇 |
2005年 | 48篇 |
2004年 | 30篇 |
2003年 | 38篇 |
2002年 | 19篇 |
2001年 | 3篇 |
2000年 | 2篇 |
1999年 | 4篇 |
1998年 | 6篇 |
1997年 | 1篇 |
1996年 | 3篇 |
1995年 | 1篇 |
1993年 | 1篇 |
1992年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1972年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有740条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
Tarishi Nemani Dora Steel Marios Kaliakatsos Catherine DeVile Athina Ververi Richard Scott Spas Getov Sniya Sudhakar Alison Male Kshitij Mankad Francesco Muntoni Mary M Reilly Manju A Kurian Lucinda Carr Pinki Munot 《Journal of the peripheral nervous system : JPNS》2020,25(2):117-124
KIF1A‐related disorders (KRD) were first described in 2011 and the phenotypic spectrum has subsequently expanded to encompass a range of central and peripheral nervous system involvement. Here we present a case series demonstrating the range of clinical, neurophysiological, and radiological features which may occur in childhood‐onset KRD. We report on all the children and young people seen at a single large tertiary centre. Data were collected through a retrospective case‐notes review. Twelve individuals from 10 families were identified. Eight different mutations were present, including four novel mutations. Two patients displayed a very severe phenotype including congenital contractures, severe spasticity and/or dystonia, dysautonomia, severe sensorimotor polyneuropathy and optic atrophy, significant white matter changes on brain MRI, respiratory insufficiency, and complete lack of neurodevelopmental progress. The remaining 10 patients represented a spectrum of severity with common features including a movement disorder with spasticity and/or dystonia, subtle features of dysautonomia, sensory axonal neuropathy, varying degrees of optic atrophy and of learning and/or behavioural difficulties, and subtle or absent—but sometimes progressive—changes in white matter on MRI. Epilepsy was common among the more severely affected children. This case series demonstrates that KRD comprise a range of neurological disorders, with both the milder and the more severe forms combining central and peripheral (including autonomic) nervous system deficits. 相似文献
2.
Magon Stefano Pfister Armanda Laura Gaetano Lüthi Martin Papadopoulou Athina Kappos Ludwig Sprenger Till 《Brain imaging and behavior》2020,14(6):2159-2175
Brain Imaging and Behavior - Motor learning is a multi-stage process, in which the involvement of different brain regions is related to the specific stage. We aimed at characterising short... 相似文献
3.
Magon Stefano Tsagkas Charidimos Gaetano Laura Patel Raihaan Naegelin Yvonne Amann Michael Parmar Katrin Papadopoulou Athina Wuerfel Jens Stippich Christoph Kappos Ludwig Chakravarty M. Mallar Sprenger Till 《Journal of neurology》2020,267(5):1536-1546
Journal of Neurology - Volume loss in the deep gray matter (DGM) has been reported in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) already at early stages of the disease and is thought to progress... 相似文献
4.
Bakopoulou A Tsiftsoglou A Galaktidou G Markala D Triviai I Garefis P 《European journal of oral sciences》2007,115(5):397-407
Previous studies have shown that in vitro exposure to single compounds released from composite resins may induce cell death. In the present study the effects of eluates from commercially available composite resins used for direct or indirect restorations were evaluated on the cell cycle progression and type of cell death of cultured WEHI 13 var fibroblasts. Cells exposed to eluates of the materials were assessed for cytotoxicity by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay for cell death, for cell cycle profiles by flow cytometry, for caspase-3 biochemically and by immunocytochemistry, and for morphological changes by fluorescence microscopy with acridine orange. The direct composite resin eluates induced extensive apoptosis, followed by secondary necrosis. This was accompanied by cell enlargement, micromultinucleation, chromatin disintegration, cell cycle arrest at different phases, and caspase-3 activation. The composites for indirect restorations were much less cytotoxic at all biological end-points investigated. The findings suggest that composite resins used for direct and indirect dental restorations differ in their cytotoxic potential and their ability to affect basic cellular functions. This underlines the impact of improved polymerization with respect to their biologic behavior. 相似文献
5.
James P Kesby Robert K Heaton Jared W Young Anya Umlauf Steven P Woods Scott L Letendre Athina Markou Igor Grant Svetlana Semenova 《Neuropsychopharmacology》2015,40(8):1899-1909
Methamphetamine dependence is a common comorbid condition among people living with HIV, and may exacerbate HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. Animal models of neuroAIDS suggest that the gp120 protein may also cause cognitive impairment. The present work evaluated the separate and combined effects of HIV/gp120 and methamphetamine on learning and executive functions in both humans and transgenic mice. Human participants were grouped by HIV serostatus (HIV+ or HIV−) and lifetime methamphetamine dependence (METH+ or METH−). A neurocognitive test battery included domain-specific assessments of learning and executive functions. Mice (gp120+ and gp120−) were exposed to either a methamphetamine binge (METH+) or saline (METH−), then tested in the attentional-set-shifting task to assess learning and executive functions. In humans, HIV status was associated with significant impairments in learning, but less so for executive functions. The frequency of learning impairments varied between groups, with the greatest impairment observed in the HIV+/METH+ group. In mice, gp120 expression was associated with impairments in learning but not reversal learning (executive component). The greatest proportion of mice that failed to complete the task was observed in the gp120+/METH+ group, suggesting greater learning impairments. Our cross-species study demonstrated that HIV in humans and gp120 in mice impaired learning, and that a history of methamphetamine exposure increased the susceptibility to HIV-associated neurocognitive deficits in both species. Finally, the similar pattern of results in both species suggest that the gp120 protein may contribute to HIV-associated learning deficits in humans. 相似文献
6.
7.
8.
Nathalie Boutros Svetlana Semenova Wen Liu Fulton T. Crews Athina Markou 《The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology / official scientific journal of the Collegium Internationale Neuropsychopharmacologicum (CINP)》2015,18(2)
Background:
Binge drinking is prevalent during adolescence and may have effects on the adult brain and behavior. The present study investigated whether adolescent intermittent ethanol exposure alters adult risky choice and prefrontal dopaminergic and forebrain cholinergic neuronal marker levels in male Wistar rats.Methods:
Adolescent (postnatal day 28–53) rats were administered 5g/kg of 25% (vol/vol) ethanol 3 times/d in a 2-days–on/2-days–off exposure pattern. In adulthood, risky choice was assessed in the probability discounting task with descending and ascending series of large reward probabilities and after acute ethanol challenge. Immunohistochemical analyses assessed tyrosine hydroxylase, a marker of dopamine and norepinephrine in the prelimbic and infralimbic cortices, and choline acetyltransferase, a marker of cholinergic neurons, in the basal forebrain.Results:
All of the rats preferred the large reward when it was delivered with high probability. When the large reward became unlikely, control rats preferred the smaller, safe reward, whereas adolescent intermittent ethanol-exposed rats continued to prefer the risky alternative. Acute ethanol had no effect on risky choice in either group of rats. Tyrosine hydroxylase (prelimbic cortex only) and choline acetyltransferase immunoreactivity levels were decreased in adolescent intermittent ethanol-exposed rats compared with controls. Risky choice was negatively correlated with choline acetyltransferase, implicating decreased forebrain cholinergic activity in risky choice.Conclusions:
The decreases in tyrosine hydroxylase and choline acetyltransferase immunoreactivity suggest that adolescent intermittent ethanol exposure has enduring neural effects that may lead to altered adult behaviors, such as increased risky decision making. In humans, increased risky decision making could lead to maladaptive, potentially harmful consequences. 相似文献9.
Anyfanti Panagiota Gavriilaki Eleni Pyrpasopoulou Athina Triantafyllou George Triantafyllou Areti Chatzimichailidou Sofia Gkaliagkousi Eugenia Aslanidis Spyros Douma Stella 《Clinical rheumatology》2016,35(5):1411-1411
Clinical Rheumatology - 相似文献
10.
Michael P. Keith Chantal Moratz Ryan Egan Athina Zacharia Eric L. Greidinger Robert W. Hoffman 《Autoimmunity》2013,46(3):208-216
Natural Abs and autoantibodies bind antigens displayed by ischemia-conditioned tissues, followed by complement activation and enhanced tissue injury during reperfusion. Anti-ribonucleoprotein (RNP) Ab is associated with lung disease in patients with autoimmune disease but it is not known whether these abs contribute to lung injury. Mesenteric I/R in mice leads to local and remote lung injury. Accordingly, we used this model to investigate whether anti-RNP Abs would reconstitute I/R damage with prominent lung damage in injury-resistant Rag1? / ? animals. Rag1? / ? mice injected with anti-RNP Ab containing serum and subjected to mesenteric I/R suffered greater intestinal injury than control-treated and sham-operated animals. The magnitude of the reconstituted damage was anti-RNP Ab titer-dependent. Anti-RNP Ab-treated animals demonstrated a dose-dependent increase in lung histologic injury scores compared to control and sham animals. Anti-RNP mediated injury was shown to be complement dependent. These experiments reveal a novel mechanism whereby anti-RNP Abs contributes to the development of pulmonary pathology in patients with autoimmune diseases following exposure of remote organs to I/R injury. 相似文献