甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体和甲状腺球蛋白抗体阳性临界值的确定及其临床意义

目的 确定甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体（TPOAb）和甲状腺球蛋白抗体（TgAb）的阳性临界值，并探讨这两种抗体出现的临床意义。方法 1999至2000年对3个中国农村社区3761名进行甲状腺疾病流行病学调查，采血、尿标本，同时行甲状腺B超检查，2004年对该人群进行随访。所有血清标本均用固相化学发光酶免疫分析法测定TPOAb和TgAb及促甲状腺激素（TSH）水平。结果 甲状腺功能及形态正常人群（2437名）TPOAb和TgAb的95％正常可信区间上限分别为37．8IU／ml和38．6IU／ml。总人群（3761名）中随TPOAb浓度的升高发生TSH升高（〉4．8IU／m1）或降低（〈0．3IU／m1）的比率也呈阶梯式增加，但仅当TPOAb≥50IU／ml时，发生TSH异常率比TPOAb438IU／ml者的差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。同样TgAb≥40IU／ml时，发生TSH异常率比TgAb≤39IU／ml者差异也有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。当TPOAb以50IU／ml和TgAb以40IU／ml为阳性临界值时，总人群中TPOAb和TgAb的阳性率女性（11．71％、11．21％）显著高于男性（4．07％、2．68％）。抗体阳性人群的TSH水平显著高于抗体阴性组（P〈0．05）。原TSH正常抗体阳性人群（515名）随访发现甲状腺功能减退症的发生率显著高于抗体阴性人群（P〈0．05）。结论 用高灵敏性化学发光酶免疫分析法在尿碘中位数为100～600μg/L的普通人群中确定TPOAb和强Ab的阳性临界值分别为50IU／ml和40IU／ml。甲状腺自身抗体TPOAb和TgAb阳性是发生甲状腺功能损伤的重要危险因素。     

Effect of iodine intake on serum thyroglobulin——A five-year prospective epidemiological study

Objective To clarify the effect of iodine intake on serum thyroglobulin (Tg). Methods A 5-year prospective study was conducted in the 3 different iodine intake areas in China [Panshan (miht deficiency) ,Zhangwu (more than adequate) and Huanghua (excess)]. A total of 3 099 people with normal serum levels of Tg in 1999 were followed and 2 448 of these participants were feasible to be observed in 2004 and included in the present study. The serum levels of Tg, thyraglobulin antibody(TgAb), thyroid peroxidase antibody(TPOAb) and TSH, thyroid volume, family and personal histories of thyroid diseases were measured and inquried. The general linear model (GLM) was used to explore the determinants of Tg. Results Among the study population at baseline, serum Tg were significantly different in three areas [7.5 (4.4-13. 1) μg/L at Panshan, 6.8 (3.6-11.2)μg/L at Huanghua, 5.9 (3.2-10.7) μg/L at Zhangwu, P<0.01]. They were associated with age, sex and the rate of positive TgAb, abnormal thyroid volume, abnormal TSH and positive personal history of thyroid diseases, in order to control the effects of confounding factors, the data from 1856 subjects with thyroid-related indexes all in normal range and without personal history of thyroid diseases were analyzed to clarify the effect of iodine intake on Tg. The serum Tg among three areas were significantly different in both 1999 and 2004, they were all increased in 5 years with significant augment (△ Tg) among the three areas[3.1 (-0.2-8.0) μg/L at Panshan, 3.5 (0.5-9.0)μg/L at Huanghua vs 2. 5(0.3-6.1) μg/L at Zhangwu,P<0.01]. The GLM analysis revealed that age, Tg and TSH levels at baseline were the determinants of △Tg in addition to iodine intake. Conclusion Iodine intake is a dominant determinant of serum Tg. Age and TSH should also be considered while indicating iodine intake by serum Tg.     

碘摄入量不同地区人群甲状腺自身抗体的流行病学研究

为了研究不同碘摄入量人群的甲状腺自身抗体的变化以及甲状腺自身抗体阳性人群甲状腺功能的变化 ,我们在三个不同碘摄入量的农村社区盘山、彰武和黄骅进行甲状腺疾病入户问卷调查共 16 2 87人 (≥ 14岁 ) ,对其中的 376 1人进行体格检查并采血、尿标本及甲状腺B超检查。检测全部尿样的尿碘含量 ;所有血清标本均应用固相化学发光酶免疫分析方法测定甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体 (TPOAb )和甲状腺球蛋白抗体 (TGAb )及血清第三代TSH水平。结果显示盘山、彰武和黄骅社区的尿碘中位数分别为 10 3 15 μg/L、 374 76 μg/L和 6 14 6 1μg/L (P <0 0 1)。我们发现盘山、彰武和黄骅社区TPOAb和TGAb阳性率均无显著差异 (P >0 0 5 )。在TPOAb阳性的人群中 ,黄骅和彰武社区出现临床或亚临床甲状腺功能减退的比率明显高于盘山社区 (P <0 0 1)。虽然三社区TPOAb和TGAb阳性率无显著差异 ,但是高碘社区存在甲状腺自身免疫异常者发生甲状腺功能减退的危险性显著增加 ,特别是甲状腺自身抗体呈高水平的患者     

洪治平教授治疗不寐经验

归纳洪治平教授对不寐病因病机的独到认识:心炎上之虚火不宜用苦寒如黄连之类药品直折其火;肾水不足,不宜单纯使用诸如肉桂等燥热温阳之品;因痰致病,治疗当以直折痰热;因病致痰,治疗当以化痰兼及疏肝等。     

Graves病多发家系成员甲状腺自身免疫状况及碘摄入量对其发病率的影响

目的：确定在Graves病（GD）多发家系成员中,甲状腺自身免疫及甲状腺功能异常的发生情况,并研究碘摄入量对GD发病率的影响。方法：对全部家系成员做甲状腺疾病病史询问,体格检查,甲状腺功能及甲状腺自身抗体测定,并测定空腹尿碘含量。结果：GD患者一级亲属的亚临床甲亢,临床甲状,亚临床甲状的患病率分别为5．2％,1．0％和1．4％,这三种疾病患者的甲状腺自身抗体均为阳性,甲状腺功能正常一级亲属的甲状腺自身抗体阳性率为68．6％,尿碘水平500－599ug/L时,GD的发病率显著增高（P＜0．05）,。结论：在GD多发家系中,GD患者一级亲属发生甲状腺功能异常的原因均为自身免疫甲状腺病,尿碘水平500－599ug/L是GD发病率增高的危险因素。     

Effect of iodine intake on serum thyroglobulin——A five-year prospective epidemiological study

Objective To clarify the effect of iodine intake on serum thyroglobulin (Tg). Methods A 5-year prospective study was conducted in the 3 different iodine intake areas in China [Panshan (miht deficiency) ,Zhangwu (more than adequate) and Huanghua (excess)]. A total of 3 099 people with normal serum levels of Tg in 1999 were followed and 2 448 of these participants were feasible to be observed in 2004 and included in the present study. The serum levels of Tg, thyraglobulin antibody(TgAb), thyroid peroxidase antibody(TPOAb) and TSH, thyroid volume, family and personal histories of thyroid diseases were measured and inquried. The general linear model (GLM) was used to explore the determinants of Tg. Results Among the study population at baseline, serum Tg were significantly different in three areas [7.5 (4.4-13. 1) μg/L at Panshan, 6.8 (3.6-11.2)μg/L at Huanghua, 5.9 (3.2-10.7) μg/L at Zhangwu, P<0.01]. They were associated with age, sex and the rate of positive TgAb, abnormal thyroid volume, abnormal TSH and positive personal history of thyroid diseases, in order to control the effects of confounding factors, the data from 1856 subjects with thyroid-related indexes all in normal range and without personal history of thyroid diseases were analyzed to clarify the effect of iodine intake on Tg. The serum Tg among three areas were significantly different in both 1999 and 2004, they were all increased in 5 years with significant augment (△ Tg) among the three areas[3.1 (-0.2-8.0) μg/L at Panshan, 3.5 (0.5-9.0)μg/L at Huanghua vs 2. 5(0.3-6.1) μg/L at Zhangwu,P<0.01]. The GLM analysis revealed that age, Tg and TSH levels at baseline were the determinants of △Tg in addition to iodine intake. Conclusion Iodine intake is a dominant determinant of serum Tg. Age and TSH should also be considered while indicating iodine intake by serum Tg.     

膈下逐瘀汤联合吉西他滨对胰腺癌患者细胞免疫功能、血清CEA、CA199、NKT的影响

目的:观察膈下逐瘀汤联合吉西他滨对胰腺癌患者细胞免疫功能、血清癌胚抗原(CEA)、糖类抗原199(CA199)、自然杀伤T细胞(NKT)水平的影响。方法:将102例胰腺癌患者随机分为对照组和治疗组各51例。两组患者均给予健康教育、饮食、运动等基础干预,在此基础上对照组患者给予吉西他滨治疗,治疗组患者在对照组基础上予膈下逐瘀汤治疗。观察两组患者中医证候积分、免疫功能、临床疗效,检测血清CEA、CA199、NKT水平,统计不良反应发生率。结果:治疗后两组患者中医证候积分均较治疗前低(P0.05),且治疗组患者治疗后中医证候积分低于对照组(P0.05);治疗后对照组患者CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+较治疗前降低,CD8~+较治疗前升高,而治疗组患者治疗后CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+、CD4~+/CD8~+与治疗前比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),且治疗组患者治疗后CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+高于对照组,CD8~+低于对照组(P0.05)。治疗组总有效率(68.63%)明显高于对照组(47.06%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后两组患者CEA、CA199水平较治疗前降低,NKT水平较治疗前升高(P0.05),且治疗组患者治疗后CEA、CA199水平低于对照组,NKT水平高于对照组(P0.05);治疗组患者肝功能异常、骨髓抑制、血小板减少、恶心呕吐、白细胞减少发生率均低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:膈下逐瘀汤联合吉西他滨可有效提高胰腺癌患者免疫功能,改善血清CEA、CA199、NKT水平,提高临床疗效。     

不同浓度碘对自身免疫性甲状腺疾病患者外周血单个核细胞凋亡、增殖及活化的影响

目的　观察不同浓度碘对自身免疫性甲状腺病 (AITD)患者和正常对照者外周血单个核细胞 (PBMC)凋亡、增殖及活化的影响。方法　体外培养AITD患者和正常对照组的PBMC ,单独应用碘化钾或与植物血凝素 (PHA)共同刺激 72h。应用碘化丙啶 (PI)染色方法检测PBMC凋亡的变化 ;应用PI染色方法和3 H TdR掺入实验测定增殖指数的变化 ;应用三标记免疫荧光染色 ,流式细胞仪测定活化 (CD+ 2 5)的辅助性 (CD+ 4 )和抑制性 (CD+ 8)T细胞百分数的变化。结果　基础状态下 ,AITD患者PBMC发生凋亡的百分比明显低于正常对照组。 5× 10 -5mmol/L到 1× 10 -2 mmol/L浓度的碘化钾均明显抑制AITD患者PBMC发生细胞凋亡 ,以 1× 10 -3 mmol/L抑制的最明显 (P <0 .0 5 )。 5× 10 -5mmol/L到 1× 10 -2 mmol/L浓度的碘明显上调AITD患者PBMC在PHA刺激后的增殖指数及活化的CD+ 4 和CD+ 8T淋巴细胞百分比 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　对于AITD患者 ,在一定浓度范围内变化的碘以剂量依赖方式促进PBMC的异常增殖和活化 ,并抑制其凋亡。     

内热针直刺病灶治疗恶性肿瘤的临床可行性及机理研究

中医用热疗治病历史悠久,热疗应属于中医具有温热性质的外治法的一种。我国在唐代中医有加热治疗肿瘤的记载,根据现代热疗发展的最新动态,结合中医对恶性肿瘤的认识,指出射频消融组织间加热和内热针直刺病灶加热治疗恶性肿瘤的相同相似之处,阐述了内热针直刺病灶治疗恶性肿瘤临床可行性及机理。     

碘摄入量对血清甲状腺球蛋白的影响——5年流行病学随访研究

目的 观察碘摄入量对血清甲状腺球蛋白(Tg)水平的影响.方法 对1999年盘山(轻度碘缺乏地区)、彰武(碘超足量地区)和黄骅(碘过量地区)血清Tg水平正常的3 099人进行随访,将2004年随访到的2 448人作为研究人群.测定Tg、甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TgAb)、甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb)、促甲状腺素(TSH)、甲状腺容积,并询问甲状腺疾病的家族史和个人史.分析Tg的影响因素.结果 1999年初访时,不同碘摄入地区Tg水平差异显著[盘山7.5(4.4～13.1)μg/L、黄骅6.8(3.6～11.2)μg/L彰武5.9(3.2～10.7)μg/L,P<0.01];年龄、性别、TgAb阳性、甲状腺肿大、TSH异< 凹鬃聪偌膊「鋈耸范訲g水平的影响亦显著.为排除混杂因素的影响,对TgAb、甲状腺容积、TSH、甲状腺疾病个人史均无异常的1 856人的随访数据进行分析,其初访及随访的Tg水平均有显著地区差异,轻度碘缺乏以及碘过量地区都显著高于碘超足量地区.三地区随访时Tg水平均显著升高,且增加值(△Tg)存在显著地区差异[盘山3.1(-0.2～8.0)μg/L、黄骅3.5(0.5～9.0)μg/L/35彰武2.5(0.3～6.1)μg/L,P<0.01];碘摄入量、初访时的Tg水平、TSH水平及年龄为ATg的独立影响因素.结论 碘摄入量显著影响血清Tg水平,当用血清Tg水平来估计地区碘摄入水平及其变化时,应该同时考虑年龄及TSH等因素.