听觉诱发脑磁反应

1　概述人体颅内脑神经组织带电粒子的迁移形成局部电流,造成局部磁场的变化。用仪器将这种磁场变化以时间为坐标描记下来,称为脑磁图(magnetoencephalography,MEG)。将刺激后的神经组织的磁场变化反应描记下来称为脑磁反应。如给的是声刺激,则称听觉诱发脑磁反应(auditor...     

单道感应式人工耳蜗装置的研制

感应式人工耳蜗装置将声音信息转变并处理为适当的电信号之后,采用电磁感应的方式将此信号送至植入全聋患者内耳耳蜗靠近听神经纤维的作用电极上,刺激神经发放冲动,使全聋患者恢复音感。本装置经临床全聋患者使用,取得较满意效果。     

面神经ENoG和EMP检查在面肌麻痹诊断及预后方面的应用

Electroneurography (ENoG), an objective electrophysiologic measurement of compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs), is used to assess the integrity of a peripheral motor nerve. This method has been used for many years. In our study using an electrophysiologic instrument (Medelec MS6), the stimulating electrode was placed over the facial nerve anterior to the tip of the mastoid process and was manipulated to obtain the maximum CMAPs amplitude from the frontal muscle. With 30 normal subjects and 20 patients with facial nerve palsy, the results showed that the latencies and amplitudes were different between the two groups. Motor evoked potential (MEP) is a new method. Ipsilateral facial muscles are excited by magnetic stimulation over the scalp when the coil is placed over the parieto-occipital region. Using a magnetic stimulator and EMG instrument (1500C4 DISA), CMAPs from the orbicularis oris and frontal muscle were measured. In 30 normal subjects, the CMAPs were similar in form but of longer latency than those obtained with electrical stimulation (ENoG). In 20 patients with lateral facial nerve palsy due to Bell's palsy, Hunt's syndrome or trauma, the latencies on the lesion sides were apparently longer and the amplitudes much lower than in the normals. Our studies suggest that magnetic stimulation will detect facial nerves in the region inside the temporal bone where they cannot be touched by electrical stimulation from in front of mastoid process. The use of both ENoG and MEP methods together allows for accurate measurement of proximal facial nerve conduction and also provides some quantitative measurement: thus, we can detect conduction block or axonal degeneration early.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

关于肿瘤坏死因子及γ干扰素体外协同抑制鼻窦癌裸鼠移植瘤的初步研究

用肿瘤细胞集落测定法分析了基因工程肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)和γ干扰素(IFN-γ)对两株人鼻窦癌裸鼠移植瘤的抑制作用。TNF的抑癌效应呈剂量依赖性,肿瘤间的敏感性不同。TNF和IFN-γ具有协同抑癌效应。本实验为晚期头颈癌生物治疗进行了有益探索。     

鼓膜穿孔及鼓膜修补术

鼓膜穿孔常是化脓性中耳炎和鼓膜外伤的后遗症。鼓膜穿孔常引起听力减退、耳鸣和中耳炎复发,因此,修补鼓膜穿孔和恢复鼓膜的正常功能具有一定的临床意义。在正常状态下鼓膜具有三种功能:1.传音功能:自外耳道传来的音波,经鼓膜后,由鼓膜张肌和听滑链协同动作,使音波传至内耳的卵圆窗,同时把音波加强。2.防止音波干扰圆窗:近代耳科学的研究证明:鼓膜不仅有传音功能,而且有防止音波干扰的作用(如图1)。音波在耳内的传导途径,一般皆自外耳道至鼓膜,经听骨至卵圆窗,经镫骨底板震动外淋巴及基底膜的感音器官。如果鼓膜穿孔,音波除一部分循上述途经至卵圆窗外,一部分直接经穿孔至圆窗,使圆窗和卵圆窗同时受到音波刺激而发生对抗性的震动,使基底     

鼻内窥镜手术120例临床总结

报告鼻和鼻窦内窥镜手术１２０例，其中功能性手术８０例，非功能性手术４０例，术后随访１年至６个月，有效率为７０％，就其诊断，适应证和并发症进行了讨论。     

人鼻窦癌裸鼠移植瘤模型建立

裸鼠移植瘤因保留人癌生物学特征和抗癌治疗的敏感性，广泛用于肿瘤基础和临床实验研究。近年，国内也将若干耳鼻喉科肿瘤成功移植于裸鼠(1—4)。但关于鼻窦癌的报道甚少，且仅限于上颌窦癌。为开展其基础研究和实验治疗，1990年3月起，我们将筛窦癌和上颌窦癌手术标本移植于裸鼠，14个月，成功地建立了二个生长稳定的移植瘤模型。     

继续努力办好中华耳鼻咽喉科杂志——祝贺我刊获奖

继续努力办好中华耳鼻咽喉科杂志——祝贺我刊获奖王直中何膺远中华耳鼻咽喉科杂志在中共中央宣传部、国家科委、新闻出版署联合主办的第二届全国科技期刊评比中获优秀期刊三等奖，获国家科协优秀期刊二等奖。中华医学会会长陈敏章同志为中华医学会杂志社获奖杂志题词，中...     

放疗后嗅粘膜超微结构观察

嗅区粘膜放疗后可引起迟发性嗅觉障碍，为了解其机制，对放疗后嗅粘膜用透射电镜观察其超微结构改变，发现其上皮层变性嗅神经原增多，固有层内纤维母细胞增多，胞内含有有大量粗面内质网和线粒体，在纤维母细胞在周围大有量整齐排列的胶原纤维，放疗后嗅粘膜的纤维化是嗅觉障碍的原因之一。     

正常青壮年的颞叶脑磁图及短纯音诱发脑磁反应初探

为探索我国神经磁场检测的临床应用前景，作者在零磁实验室利用低温超导量子干涉仪测定了９例正常人和２例重度混合性耳聋患者的颞叶脑磁图及声诱发脑皮层磁反应，成功地描记了颞叶脑磁图和脑磁反应，波形清晰，相当稳定。自发脑磁图波形振幅在±１００ｆＴ之间。在我们的测试条件下，用１０００Ｈｚ的短纯音诱发的脑磁反应可分为Ｐ１、Ｎ１……Ｎ４共８个波，各波潜伏期个体差异很小，主波为Ｎ２、Ｐ３、Ｎ３波，潜伏期分别为６５、１１８、１７５ｍｓ，振幅在±１５ｆＴ左右。认为此项检测有其潜在的临床应用前景。