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Etiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease remains unknown but despite some inconsistencies in reports on inflammatory cells,mediators and proteases involved in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,genetic risk factors were proposed as a cause of susceptibility to the disease.Results of many studies suggested polygenic inheritance,with the genetic component consisting of several genes of a small effect each,rather than of single major gene.We are going to review the clinical importance of alpha-1 antitrypsin,matrix metalloproteinase,Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2,Vitamin-D-binding protein,glutathione S-transferase,microsomal epoxide hydrolase,heine oxygenase-1 genes,Surfacant protein and IL-8,TNF-α polymorphisms associated with susceptibility and progression of the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.It was reported that there are combination with different genes or different locus in the same gene.Animal model genetics may help in clarifying some aspects of pathogenesis.If this type of study were followed by quantitative trait locus analysis it may help to identify candidate genes for further study in humans.Genome-wide association analysis may nOW be performed looking for up to 500000 SNPs at any one time to identify regions in linkage disequilibrium(LD)with features of COPD.This approach does,however,have limitations.It means there are millions of data to analysis,but Software available from industry and academia can help to deal with that.The number of areas being investigated will raise the potential for false positive results,SO confirmation of any positive results in multiple independent populations should be sought.As more genes are identified we may be able to characterize patients with COPD more accurately and target therapies to those subgroups most likely to benefit. 相似文献
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为了父母的健康,很多人都会在闲暇之余带他们做体检。但面对种类繁多的体检项目,我们常会陷入迷茫,不知如何为老人量身定做一套合理的体检方案。今天,我们就来说说在为老年人挑选体检项目时,需要了解的三个要点。重视常见慢性疾病检查1.高血压、脑血管病和缺血性心脏病同属心脑血管疾病,在体检中标准测量诊室血压,完善心肌蛋白、心电图、头颅磁共振或CT等,有助于筛查疾病。若血压波动较大或诊室血压较平时血压有较大差距,可以查24小时动态血压。 相似文献
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美敏伪麻溶液治疗急性上呼吸道感染所致咳嗽133例的疗效和安全性 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
目的:评价美敏伪麻溶液治疗急性上呼吸道感染所致咳嗽的疗效和安全性。方法:262例急性上呼吸道感染病人随机分为2组,试验组133例,男性61例,女性72例,年龄(44±s13)a,予美敏伪麻溶液10mL,po,tid;对照组129例,男性54例,女性75例,年龄(46±14)a,予复方磷酸可待因溶液10mL,po,tid;疗程均为3~5d,治疗结束后根据咳嗽的频率和程度综合评价疗效,同时根据病人的记录评价安全性。结果:根据符合方案(PP)分析,治疗d3综合临床有效率试验组为41.2%,对照组为39.1%,2组间差异无显著意义(P=0.59);治疗d5试验组和对照组综合临床有效率分别为87.8%和79.7%,2组有显著差异(P=0.01)。试验组不良反应发生率17.2%,对照组为16.7%,2组间无显著差异(P=0.91)。结论:用药3d后美敏伪麻溶液治疗急性上呼吸道感染引起咳嗽的疗效与复方磷酸可待因溶液相当,d5优于复方磷酸可待因溶液,其不良反应轻,安全性良好。 相似文献
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目的探讨2011年慢性阻塞性肺疾病全球倡议(GOLD)对COPD稳定期患者疾病评估和治疗带来的变化和影响。方法将269例COPD患者进行了症状、肺功能、急性加重情况的记录,并根据2006及2011GOLD策略进行了分期和分组的分析,比较新旧策略对患者治疗选择的影响。结果用CAT评估与mMRC评估比较,增加了症状较多组(B和D)的患者例数,两个评估方法中C和D组患者总数相仿。对比2006及2011GOLD策略,GOLD2006中Ⅱ级患者在GOLD2011中分组变化尤为突出;新分组导致中度COPD患者中的44例(16.4%)需要改变初始治疗,急性加重的风险评估是影响分组及治疗选择的最主要的因素,FEV1与临床症状和AECOPD频率虽有相关性(P〈0.01),但FEV1并不是评估COPD病情的敏感指标。结论2011GOLD策略对COPD稳定期患者的评估更加全面,但在临床操作上略显复杂,而且主要影响了中度COPD患者的分组及治疗选择的改变,AECOPD频率对COPD风险分级的影响非常大。 相似文献
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奥马珠单抗是第一个抗IgE人源化单克隆抗体,已作为重度哮喘患者的附加治疗药物写入GINA和我国的哮喘指南中.奥马珠单抗可减轻哮喘患者气道炎症和气道重塑,经大剂量吸入性糖皮质激素和长效β受体激动剂后仍未控制的成人和6岁以上儿童,附加该药治疗可以获得较好的临床疗效和安全性.奥马珠单抗已完成在我国的注册临床研究,其疗效和安全性与国外研究相仿.该药即将在我国上市,它将给重度哮喘患者提供新的治疗方式. 相似文献