Biomechanical behavior of brain injury caused by sticks using finite element model and Hybrid-III testing

Objective: To study the biomechanical mechanism of head injuries beaten with sticks, which is common in the battery or assaultive cases. Methods: In this study, the Hybrid-III anthropomorphic test device and finite element model (FEM) of the total human model for safety (THUMS) head were used to determine the biomechanical response of head while being beaten with different sticks. Total eight Hybrid-III tests and four finite element simulations were conducted. The contact force, resultant acceleration of head center of gravity, intracranial pressure and von Mises stress were calculated to determine the different biomechanical behavior of head with beaten by different sticks. Results: In Hybrid-III tests, the stick in each group demonstrated the similar kinematic behavior under the same loading condition. The peak values of the resultant acceleration for thick iron stick group, thin iron stick group, thick wooden stick group and thin wooden stick group were 203.4 g, 221.1 g, 170.5 g and 122.2 g respectively. In finite element simulations, positive intracranial pressure was initially observed in the frontal comparing with negative intracranial pressure in the contra-coup site. Subsequently the intracranial pressure in the coup site was decreasing toward negative value while the contra-coup intracranial pressure increasing toward positive values. Conclusions: The results illustrated that the stiffer and larger the stick was, the higher the von Mises stress, contact force and intracranial pressure were. We believed that the results in the Hybrid-III tests and THUMS head simulations for brain injury beaten with sticks could be reliable and useful for better understanding the injury mechanism.     

后囊连续环形撕囊在儿童人工晶体植入术的应用

后发障是儿童白内障最常见的并发症，是导致术后视力下降的主要原因，故降低后发障的发生率对提高术后视力及减少弱视的发生非常重要，以往文献报道大多是术后行ND-YAG激光后囊切开术来治疗后发障。笔者近年对儿童白内障采用白内障摘除人工晶体植入联合后囊连续环形撕囊术预防人工晶体术后后囊混浊，效果肯定，报告如下。     

心脾综合征的多普勒超声心动图诊断

目的:探讨多普勒超声心动图对心脾综合征的诊断价值,分析其心脏伴随畸形漏诊及误诊原因,提高对心脾综合征诊断的准确率。方法:本文总结了221例心脾综合征患儿的超声检测结果,并与其心血管造影或磁共振检查结果进行对照。结果:超声心动图诊断为心脾综合征与心导管或磁共振结论符合者199例(占90.0%),诊断不符合者22例(占10.0%)。结论:多普勒超声心动图可以较准确地诊断心脾综合征,但对其心脏伴随畸形检出的准确率尚待进一步提高。     

Pain levels experienced with activities after cardiac surgery.

BACKGROUND: Acute pain is common after cardiac surgery and can keep patients from participating in activities that prevent postoperative complications. Accurate assessment and understanding of pain are vital for providing satisfactory pain control and optimizing recovery. OBJECTIVES: To describe pain levels for 5 activities expected of patients after cardiac surgery on postoperative days 1 to 6 and changes in pain levels after chest tube removal and extubation. METHODS: Adults who underwent cardiac surgery were asked to rate the pain associated with various types of activities on postoperative days 1 to 6. Pain levels were compared by postoperative day, activity, and type of cardiac surgery. Pain scores before and after chest tube removal and extubation also were analyzed. RESULTS: Pain scores were higher on earlier postoperative days. The order of overall pain scores among activities (P < .01) from highest to lowest was coughing, moving or turning in bed, getting up, deep breathing or using the incentive spirometer, and resting. Changes in pain reported with coughing (P = .03) and deep breathing or using the incentive spirometer (P = .005) differed significantly over time between surgery groups. After chest tubes were discontinued, patients had lower pain levels at rest (P = .01), with coughing (P = .05), and when getting up (P = .03). CONCLUSIONS: Pain relief is an important outcome of care. A comprehensive, individualized assessment of pain that incorporates activity levels is necessary to promote satisfactory management of pain.     

五白散胶囊治疗慢性消化道溃疡出血15例观察

目的:观察五白散胶囊治疗慢性消化道出血的疗效.方法:治疗组15例用五白散胶囊治疗,对照组15例用维霉素、果胶铋、止血敏治疗.结果:治疗组总有效率100%,对照组总有效率86.6%,两组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05).结论:五白散胶囊治疗消化道溃疡出血止血功效良好.     

血管紧张素转换酶2与糖尿病肾病

The identification of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)2 opened new recognition of renin-angiotensin system (RAS). ACE2 degrades Ang Ⅱ to Ang (1-7), maintains homeostasis of RAS with ACE. Studies have revealed that ACE2 has important functions in diabetic nephropathy. It may be a target for drug and is used as gene therapy for diabetic nephropathy. Amplifying ACE2 activity may have a potential therapeutic role for diabetic nephropathy.     

腹腔镜肝切除术患者的护理

笔者报道腹腔镜肝切除术患者的护理。术前进行心理护理和呼吸训练；术后注意早期活动，加强腹腔镜CO2气腹后的观察、护理，做好皮下气肿、胆漏、出血、高碳酸血症和下肢静脉血栓等术后并发症的观察及护理。认为周到细致的护理是手术成功的重要保证。     

丝裂霉素C化学稳定性的研究

在广泛ＰＨ范围内对丝裂霉素Ｃ的化学稳定性进行了研究，测定不同温度下不同ｐＨ时的速率常数，得到不同ｐＨ时的分解活化能及不同温度下的稳定ｐＨ值。活化能数据在ｐＨ５．５及７．８时出现极大值，而不同温度下的两上最稳定（ｐＨ）ｍ恰恰位于两个ｐＨ范围内。     

小鼠胸腺和脾脏细胞的体外转化培养

建立了小鼠脾脏、胸腺细胞体外转化微量培养系统,确定了最佳实验条件.点蜡法充CO_2,简便易行,效果好.RPMI-1640培养基内补充胎牛血清,其浓度确定为在脾细胞培养为10%,在胸腺细胞培养为20%.脾细胞培养最适细胞密度为2～5×10~6/ml,Con A最适量为2～4μg/培养;胸腺细胞培养细胞最适密度为1×10~7/ml,Con A最适量为2～4μg/培养.两种已知免疫活性的药物在脾细胞培养体系有明确肯定的反应.