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1.
Objective To investigate the role of surfactant protein (SP) - A and SP - D in urinary tract infection mouse model, and evaluate the effects of SP-A and SP-D absence on urinary tract infection. Methods SP-A and SP-D double knockout (SP-A/D KO) mice were made. SP-A/D KO and wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 female mice were used for this study. The expression of SP-A and SP-D in kidney was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The levels of p - p38 and p38 protein in kidneys were measured by Western blotting. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli or buffer was delivered into the bladder of female mice. At 24 and 48 h after inoculation, CFU of Escherichia coli in the kidney and urine of the treated and control mice were measured. Histological, cellular and molecular analysis were performed by several methods of H/E staining, IHC and Western blotting. The effects of SP-A and SP-D on bacterial growth were studied in vitro. Results SP-A and SP-D in kidney were located in the proximal tubules and collecting tubules. Compared with WT mice, infected SP - A/D KO mice with UPEC had higher CFU in kidneys and urine at 24 h and 48 h, increased inflammatory cells infiltration in kidneys(P<0.05). Compared with WT mice, SP - A/D KO mice had higher p38 MAPK phosphorylation levels in kidneys(P<0.05). Growth of Escherichia coli was greatly inhibited by both SP-A and SP-D(P<0.05). Conclusions Both SP-A and SP-D are expressed in kidney. SP-A and SP-D can attenuate UTI induced by UPEC which may be through inhibiting bacterial growth and modulating renal inflammation.  相似文献   
2.
比较2004年WHO肾细胞癌组织学分类标准与1997年WHO及更早的分类标准的异同,总结常见的诊断差异及可能原因,纠正及更新对肾细胞癌的传统病理分类的观念。方法:收集天津医科大学肿瘤医院2004年2月至2008年2月间,根治性肾切除术后病理诊断为透明性肾细胞癌249例,按2004年WHO肾癌组织学分类标准重新分类,并收集相关临床资料进行分析。结果:原分类法的249例透明细胞癌,经重新分类后,发现透明细胞癌176例,乳头状肾细胞癌42例,嫌色细胞癌5例,多房性囊性肾细胞癌3例,混合型肾细胞癌23例(透明细胞癌+乳头状肾细胞癌21例,乳头状肾细胞癌+嫌色性肾细胞癌2例)。结论:部分乳头状肾细胞癌与嫌色肾细胞癌过去易被诊断为透明细胞癌,两者具有相似的胞浆特点,及对其组织学特点认识不清是其主要原因;中国人乳头状肾细胞癌的发病率与国外相近,且其亚型的分类及诊断有待进一步的研究。   相似文献   
3.

Background:

Panitumumab in combination with chemotherapy was evaluated in two pivotal clinical trials in first- and second-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), respectively. This analysis compared the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients with or without panitumumab in the two trials.

Methods:

Patients with mCRC were randomised to FOLFOX (first-line trial) or FOLFIRI (second-line trial)±panitumumab. The EuroQoL 5-Dimensions Health State Index (EQ-5D HSI) and Visual Analogue Scale (EQ-5D VAS) were assessed at baseline and monthly follow-up until disease progression. Patients with wild-type KRAS mCRC with baseline and post-baseline HRQoL scores were included. Difference in change from baseline between treatment groups was evaluated using linear mixed and pattern-mixture models.

Results:

In the first-line trial, 576 patients with wild-type KRAS mCRC (284 panitumumab+FOLFOX4 and 292 FOLFOX4 alone) were included in the HRQoL analyses. In the second-line trial, 530 patients with wild-type KRAS mCRC were included in these analyses (263 panitumumab+FOLFIRI and 267 FOLFIRI alone). There was no significant difference in the change in EQ-5D HSI and VAS scores between treatment groups in either trial.

Conclusion:

The addition of panitumumab to FOLFOX4 or FOLFIRI in first- or second-line treatment of wild-type KRAS mCRC significantly improved progression-free survival without compromising HRQoL.  相似文献   
4.
5.
Background: The use of intensity modulated radiation fields needs an extended quality assurance concept. This consists of a linac related part and a case related part. Case related means the verification of an individual treatment plan, optimized on a CT data set of an individual patient and prepared for the treatment of this patient. This part of the quality assurance work is usually time consuming, delivers only partially quantitative results and is uncomfortable without additional help. It will be shown in this paper how the software VERIDOS will improve the optimization of the case related part of the quality assurance work. Material and Methods: The main function of the software is the quantitative comparison of the calculated dose distribution from the treatment planning software with the measured dose distribution of an irradiated phantom. Several additional functions will be explained. Two self-developed phantoms made of RW3 (solid water) and GAFCHROMIC films or Kodak EDR2 films for the measurement of the dose distributions were used. VERIDOS was tested with the treatment planning systems Helay-TMS and Brainscan. Results: VERIDOS is a suitable tool for the import of calculated dose matrices from the treatment planning systems Helax-TMS and Brainscan and of measured dose matrices exported from the dosimetry software Mephysto (PTW). The import from other treatment planning systems and scanning software applications for film dosimetry is generally possible. In such case the import function has to be adapted to the special header of the import matrix. All other functions of this software tool like normalization (automatically, manually), working with corrections (ground substraction, factors), overlay/comparison of dose distributions, difference matrix, cutting function (profiles) and export functions work reliable. Conclusions: VERIDOS improves the optimization of the case related part of the quality assurance work for intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). The diverse functions of the software offer the radiation physicist a wide base to verify the IMRT plan independent from the mode of its delivery (compensator technology or MLC technology). Hintergrund: Der Einsatz intensitätsmodulierter Felder setzt ein erweitertes Qualitätssicherungskonzept voraus. Dies gliedert sich in einen rein maschinenbezogenen und einen fallbezogenen Teil. Als fallbezogen wird hier die Überprüfung eines individuellen Bestrahlungsplans, der am CT-Datensatz eines speziellen Patienten optimiert wurde und der für dessen Bestrahlung vorgesehen ist, verstanden. Dieser Teil der Qualitätssicherung nimmt in aller Regel viel Zeit in Anspruch, erbringt nur teilweise quantitative Ergebnisse und ist ohne zusätzliche Hilfsmittel wenig komfortabel. In den vorliegenden Ausführungen soll gezeigt werden, wie dieses Programm zur Optimierung des fallbezogenen Teils der Qualitätssicherung beiträgt. Material und Methode: Die Hauptfunktion des Programms besteht darin, im Bestrahlungsplanungsprogramm berechnete Dosisverteilungen mit im Phantom gemessenen Dosisverteilungen quantitativ zu vergleichen. Weitere Funktionen werden erläutert. Zur Erfassung der Dosisverteilung wurden zwei selbst entwickelte RW3-Phantome und sowohl GAFCHROMIC- als auch Kodak EDR2-Filme eingesetzt. Getestet wurde VERIDOS mit den Bestrahlungsplanungssystemen Helax-TMS und Brainscan. Ergebnisse: VERIDOS eignet sich zum Import von berechneten Dosismatrizen aus den Bestrahlungsplanungssystemen Helax-TMS und Brainscan. Es eignet sich zum Import von gemessenen und ausgelesenen Dosismatrizen aus der PTW-Dosimetriesoftware Mephysto. Der Import aus weiteren Bestrahlungsplanungssystemen und PC-Scannerapplikationen zur Filmdosimetrie ist generell möglich. In solch einem Fall müsste die Importfunktion an den jeweiligen Header der zu importierenden Matrix angepasst werden. Alle Funktionen des Auswerteprogramms wie Normierung (automatisch, manuell), Einfügen von Korrekturen (Schleierabzug, Faktoren), Überlagerung/Vergleich von Dosisverteilungen, Differenzbildung, Herausschneiden von überlagerten Profilen und Export funktionieren zuverlässig. Schlussfolgerungen: VERIDOS leistet einen Beitrag zur Optimierung der fallbezogenen Qualitätssicherung bei der intensitätsmodulierten Strahlentherapie (IMRT). Die verschiedenen Funktionen innerhalb des Programms bieten dem Klinikphysiker eine breite Basis zur Beurteilung der Güte der Realisierbarkeit des IMRT-Planes unabhängig davon, ob die Dosismodulation mit Kompensatoren oder MLC gewährleistet wird.  相似文献   
6.

Purpose:  

Test and comparison of various 2–D real–time detectors for dosimetric quality assurance (QA) of intensity–modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) with the vision to replace radiographic films for 2–D dosimetry.  相似文献   
7.
药物对TNF诱导的牛脑微血管平滑肌细胞增值的拮抗作用   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
研究表明,肿瘤坏死因子(TNH)在50~5000U·mL-1范围内呈剂量依赖性地诱导牛脑微血管平滑肌细胞增殖,TNF与该细胞培养24h时,即可明显刺激细胞增殖,48h时达最大刺激效应。欧芹素乙(imperatorin,Imp),异欧芹素乙(iso-imperatorin,Isi)在浓度为10-6~10-4mol·L-1时,均可剂量依赖性地拮抗TNF诱导该细胞增殖。6-(α,α-二苯基乙酰哌嗪基苯基)-4,5-二氢-5-甲基-3(2H)哒嗪酮,6-(α-苯基乙酰哌嗪基苯基)-4,5-二氢-5-甲基-3(2H)哒嗪酮,则只在低浓度(10-6mol·L-1)时拮抗TNF诱导该细胞的增殖。  相似文献   
8.
9.
It has been widely postulated that the central mechanism of hepatic reperfusion injury involves the conversion, during ischemia, of the enzyme xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) to its free radical-producing form, xanthine oxidase (XOD). However, this theory has been questioned because (a) XDH to XOD conversion in whole liver occurs very slowly; (b) the cellular distribution of XDH/XOD is unclear; and (c) the direct demonstration of XDH to XOD conversion in viable cells is lacking. In this paper, we address all three issues by measuring XDH to XOD conversion and cell viability in purified populations of hepatic endothelial cells (EC), Kupffer cells (KC), and hepatocytes (HEP). Although XDH/XOD activity on a cellular basis was greater in hepatocytes (0.92 +/- 0.12 mU/10(6) cells) than ECs (0.03 +/- 0.01) or KCs (0.12 +/- 0.04), XDH + XOD specific activity was similar in all three cell types (HEP 1.85 +/- 0.10 U/g protein; EC 1.69 +/- 0.54; KC 2.30 +/- 0.22). Over 150 min of warm (37 degrees C) or 24 h of cold (4 degrees C) hypoxia, percent XOD activity increased slowly in ECs, from 21 +/- 2% (basal) to 39 +/- 3% (warm) and 49 +/- 5% (cold) and in HEPs (29 +/- 2% to 38 +/- 3% and 49 +/- 2%), but converted significantly faster in KCs (28 +/- 3% to 91 +/- 7% and 94 +/- 4%). The dramatic changes in Kupffer cell XOD during cold hypoxia occurred despite only minor changes in cell viability. When hypoxic KCs were reoxygenated after 16 h of cold hypoxia, there was a marked increase in cell death that was significantly blocked by allopurinol. These data suggest that significant conversion to the free radical-producing state occurs within viable KCs, and that Kupffer cell XOD may play an important role in mediating reperfusion injury in the liver.  相似文献   
10.
The purpose of this study was to determine if fixed splinting of teeth with intraoral wire and acrylic splints had advantages with respect to tooth mobility, bone level and attachment level over unsplinted teeth following osseous surgery. Ten patients were chosen who exhibited bilaterally similar chronic destructive periodontitis and mobile teeth. One maxillary sextant was splinted, while the other was unsplinted. Both sextants functioned against an unsplinted mandibular arch. Following initial therapy, osseous surgery was performed in both maxillary sextants on the same day. Tooth mobility data was collected 1 week before and at 3, 6, 12, and 24 weeks following surgery. Levels of gingival attachment and bone were recorded before and 24 weeks after surgery. Splints were removed before measurements, then replaced, and the occlusion refined. Prophylaxes and oral hygiene instruction were repeated every 3 weeks throughout the study. For all categories of teeth and mobility examined, tooth mobility increased initially after surgery and subsequently decreased by 24 weeks to about presurgical values. The splinted and unsplinted segments reacted similarly throughout the study; splinting did not significantly reduce the mobility of individual teeth. Pre- and postsurgical bone and gingival attachment levels were also similar for the splinted and unsplinted segments.  相似文献   
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