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排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
Anna Ugalde BA PhD Victoria White BA MA PhD Nicole M. Rankin BA MSc PhD Christine Paul BA PhD Catherine Segan BA PhD Sanchia Aranda RN BAppSci MN PhD Anna Wong Shee BSc BAppSc PhD Alison M. Hutchinson RN BApp Sci MBioth PhD Patricia M. Livingston BA PhD 《CA: a cancer journal for clinicians》2022,72(3):266-286
Smoking cessation reduces the risk of death, improves recovery, and reduces the risk of hospital readmission. Evidence and policy support hospital admission as an ideal time to deliver smoking-cessation interventions. However, this is not well implemented in practice. In this systematic review, the authors summarize the literature on smoking-cessation implementation strategies and evaluate their success to guide the implementation of best-practice smoking interventions into hospital settings. The CINAHL Complete, Embase, MEDLINE Complete, and PsycInfo databases were searched using terms associated with the following topics: smoking cessation, hospitals, and implementation. In total, 14,287 original records were identified and screened, resulting in 63 eligible articles from 56 studies. Data were extracted on the study characteristics, implementation strategies, and implementation outcomes. Implementation outcomes were guided by Proctor and colleagues' framework and included acceptability, adoption, appropriateness, cost, feasibility, fidelity, penetration, and sustainability. The findings demonstrate that studies predominantly focused on the training of staff to achieve implementation. Brief implementation approaches using a small number of implementation strategies were less successful and poorly sustained compared with well resourced and multicomponent approaches. Although brief implementation approaches may be viewed as advantageous because they are less resource-intensive, their capacity to change practice in a sustained way lacks evidence. Attempts to change clinician behavior or introduce new models of care are challenging in a short time frame, and implementation efforts should be designed for long-term success. There is a need to embrace strategic, well planned implementation approaches to embed smoking-cessation interventions into hospitals and to reap and sustain the benefits for people who smoke. 相似文献
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Emeline Colomba Patricia Pautier Fanny Pommeret Alexandra Leary 《Expert review of anticancer therapy》2019,19(6):437-446
Introduction: The landscape of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition in ovarian cancer is rapidly evolving and becoming increasingly complex. Ovarian cancer is leading therapeutic innovation by providing the proof of concept for DNA repair as a target. Three different PARP inhibitors have now received approvals in the US and Europe in different indications. Subtle but crucial differences can be found among the licensed indications for each PARP inhibitor in terms of histology, type of BRCA mutation (germline and/or somatic), number of prior lines of chemotherapy and whether the indication is in the treatment or maintenance settings.
Areas covered: We review the latest clinical data regarding the PARP inhibitor rucaparib in ovarian cancer, provide an update on the evolving landscape of PARP inhibition in ovarian cancer, and summarize avenues of ongoing and future research.
Expert opinion: All eligible patients should be offered a PARP inhibitor. SOLO1 trial results demonstrated an unprecedented benefit maintenance with PARP inhibitors in first line. Results from trials evaluating PARP inhibitors as maintenance in first line regardless of BRCA status and from trials evaluating combinatorial strategies are eagerly awaited. 相似文献
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Darren Ming‐Chun Poon 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Clinical Oncology》2020,16(Z3):18-23
For advanced and metastatic urothelial carcinomas (UCs), platinum (preferably cisplatin)‐based chemotherapy has been the standard treatment for many years. However, many patients are ineligible for cisplatin‐based chemotherapy because of poor performance status and/or other age‐related conditions. At the other end of the spectrum, patients with localized non‐muscle–invasive bladder cancer who are unresponsive to intravesical Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin (BCG) treatment often face radical cystectomy as the only option. In recent years, the application of immunotherapy in the form of immune‐checkpoint inhibitors has provided viable alternatives in the second‐line postplatinum and first‐line cisplatin‐ineligible settings. Recent and ongoing clinical trials are also assessing the safety and efficacy of immunotherapy for neoadjuvant and adjuvant uses before/after cystectomy, for BCG‐unresponsive cases, and for combination treatments that include the newer indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase‐1 inhibitors and/or BCG. This review summarizes recent developments in immunotherapy for UCs. 相似文献
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Marita Zimmermann Solomon J. Lubinga Reiner Banken David Rind Geri Cramer Patricia G. Synnott Richard H. Chapman Sonya Khan Josh Carlson 《Value in health》2019,22(2):161-167
Objective
The gene therapy voretigene neparvovec (VN) is the first Food and Drug Administration–approved treatment for vision loss owing to the ultra-rare RPE65-mediated inherited retinal disorders. We modeled the cost-utility of VN compared with standard of care (SoC).Study Design
A 2-state Markov model, alive and dead, with a lifetime horizon.Methods
Visual acuity (VA) and visual field (VF) were tracked to model quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). VN led to an improvement in VA and VF that we assumed was maintained for 10 years followed by a 10-year waning period. The cost of VN was $850 000, and other direct medical costs for depression and trauma were included for a US healthcare system perspective. A modified societal perspective also included direct nonmedical costs and indirect costs.Results
VN provided an additional 1.3 QALYs over the remaining lifetime of an individual. The average total lifetime direct medical cost for individuals treated with VN was $1 039 000 compared with $213 400 for SoC, leading to an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of $643 800/QALY from the US healthcare system perspective. Direct nonmedical costs totalled $1 070 900 for VN and $1 203 300 for SoC, and indirect costs totalled $405 400 for VN and $482 900 for SoC, leading to an ICER of $480 100/QALY from the modified societal perspective.Conclusions
At the current price, VN was unlikely to reach traditional cost-effectiveness standards compared with SoC. VN has important implications for both development and pricing of future gene therapies; therefore clinical and economic analyses must be carefully considered. 相似文献9.
Javad Sharifi‐Rad Shahira M. Ezzat Mahitab H. El Bishbishy Dima Mnayer Farukh Sharopov Ceyda S. Kl Monica Neagu Carolina Constantin Mehdi Sharifi‐Rad Maria Atanassova Silvana Nicola Giuseppe Pignata Bahare Salehi Patrick V. T. Fokou Natlia Martins 《Phytotherapy research : PTR》2020,34(7):1474-1518
Rosmarinus species are aromatic plants that mainly grow in the Mediterranean region. They are widely used in folk medicine, food, and flavor industries and represent a valuable source of biologically active compounds (e.g., terpenoids, flavonoids, and phenolic acids). The extraction of rosemary essential oil is being done using three main methods: carbon dioxide supercritical extraction, steam distillation, and hydrodistillation. Furthermore, interesting antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antileishmanial, anthelmintic, anticancer, anti‐inflammatory, antidepressant, and antiamnesic effects have also been broadly recognized for rosemary plant extracts. Thus the present review summarized data on economically important Rosmarinus officinalis species, including isolation, extraction techniques, chemical composition, pharmaceutical, and food applications. 相似文献
10.
Priya S. Shankarappa Cody J. Peer Arman Odabas Cynthia L. McCully Rafael C. Garcia William D. Figg Katherine E. Warren 《Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology》2020,85(5):1003-1007
Pexidartinib (PLX3397) is a colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) inhibitor under clinical evaluation for potential CNS tumor treatment. This study aims to evaluate plasma pharmacokinetic parameters and estimate CNS penetrance of pexidartinib in a non-human primate (NHP) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) reservoir model. Five male rhesus macaques, each with a previously implanted subcutaneous CSF ventricular reservoir and central venous lines, were used. NHPs received a single dose of 40 mg/kg pexidartinib (human equivalent dose of 800 mg/m2), administered orally as 200 mg tablets. Serial paired samples of blood and CSF were collected at 0–8, 24, 48, and 72 h. Pexidartinib concentrations were assayed by Integrated Analytical Solutions, Inc. (Berkeley, CA, USA) using HPLC/MS/MS. Pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis was performed using noncompartmental methods. Samples from four NHPs were evaluable. Average (± SD) plasma PK parameters were as follows: Cmax = 16.50 (± 6.67) μg/mL; Tmax = 5.00 (± 2.58) h; AUClast = 250.25 (± 103.76) h*μg/mL; CL = 0.18 (± 0.10) L/h/kg. In CSF, pexidartinib was either quantifiable (n = 2), with Cmax values of 16.1 and 10.1 ng/mL achieved 2–4 h after plasma Tmax, or undetected at all time points (n = 2, LLOQCSF = 5 ng/mL). Pexidartinib was well-tolerated in NHPs, with no Grade 3 or Grade 4 toxicities. The CSF penetration of pexidartinib after single-dose oral administration to NHPs was limited. 相似文献