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The gut microbiota plays a key role in metabolic diseases. Gut-microbiota-derived metabolites are found in different dietary sources, including: Carbohydrate (acetate, propionate, butyrate, also known as short-chain fatty acids, as well as succinate); protein (hydrogen sulfide, indole, and phenylacetic acid); and lipids (resveratrol-, ferulic acid-, linoleic acid-, catechin- and berry-derived metabolites). Insulin resistance, which is a global pandemic metabolic disease that progresses to type 2 diabetes mellitus, can be directly targeted by these metabolites. Gut-microbiota-derived metabolites have broad effects locally and in distinct organs, in particular skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and liver. These metabolites can modulate glucose metabolism, including the increase in glucose uptake and lipid oxidation in skeletal muscle, and decrease in lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis associated with lipid oxidation in the liver through activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase - serine/threonine-protein kinase B and AMP-activated protein kinase. In adipose tissue, gut-microbiota-derived metabolites stimulate adipo genesis and thermogenesis, inhibit lipolysis, and attenuate inflammation. Importantly, an increase in energy expenditure and fat oxidation occurs in the whole body. Therefore, the therapeutic potential of current pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches used to treat diabetes mellitus can be tested to target specific metabolites derived from intestinal bacteria, which may ultimately ameliorate the hyperglycemic burden. 相似文献
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M. Del Rio P. Lopez-Cabrera P. Malagón-López MC. Del Caño-Aldonza JR. Castello M. Provencio 《Journal of plastic, reconstructive & aesthetic surgery》2021,74(4):809-818
BackgroundIschemia-reperfusion injury in free flaps is associated with tissue damage and is one of the main factors causing flap failure in reconstructive microsurgery. The aim of this study is to assess whether any ischemia-reperfusion injury takes place during a microsurgical flap reconstruction as seen through the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase, biomarkers of oxidative stress, and to analyze the effect of lidocaine in this process.MethodsTwenty-four patients operated for immediate breast reconstruction using the Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator free flap technique were divided into two groups: one group was treated with a lidocaine intravenous perfusion and the other group with a saline perfusion. MDA and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were measured at several points before, during, and after surgery.ResultsThere was an increase in MDA levels in both groups, but the lidocaine group experienced a decrease during reperfusion. On the other hand, we observed a rise in SOD levels in both groups, but a decrease during reperfusion in the placebo group. However, these differences between groups were not statistically significant.ConclusionsThe decreased SOD activity and increased MDA content in our research prove a redox imbalance and high reactive oxygen species levels in flaps, indicating that tissues experience ischemia-reperfusion injury during microsurgical reconstruction. Lidocaine may have a protective effect in free flap surgery, but our results were not statistically significant, so further studies will be required. 相似文献
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Thierens Laurent AM Lewyllie Arianne Temmerman Liesbeth De Roo Noëmi MC Verdonck An Cadenas de Llano Perula Maria Willems Guy De Pauw Guy AM 《Clinical oral investigations》2019,23(4):1777-1784
Clinical Oral Investigations - The objectives of this retrospective equivalence trial were to assess the dental arch relationship of 5- to 6-year-old patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate... 相似文献
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Jeremy YC Teoh Samson YS Chan Peter KF Chiu Darren MC Poon Ho-Yuen Cheung Simon SM Hou Chi-Fai Ng 《Asian journal of andrology》2015,17(3):493-496
We investigated the cardiovascular thrombotic risk after surgical castration (SC) versus gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa) in Chinese men with prostate cancer. All Chinese prostate cancer patients who were treated with SC or GnRHa from year 2000 to 2009 were reviewed and compared. The primary outcome was any new-onset of cardiovascular thrombotic events after SC or GnRHa, which was defined as any event of acute myocardial infarction or ischemic stroke. The risk of new-onset cardiovascular thrombotic event was compared between the SC group and the GnRHa group using Kaplan–Meier method. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to adjust for other potential confounding factors. A total of 684 Chinese patients was included in our study, including 387 patients in the SC group and 297 patients in the GnRHa group. The mean age in the SC group (75.3 ± 7.5 years) was significantly higher than the GnRHa group (71.8 ± 8.3 years) (P < 0.001). There was increased risk of new cardiovascular thrombotic events in the SC group when compared to the GnRHa group upon Kaplan–Meier analysis (P = 0.014). Upon multivariate Cox regression analysis, age (hazard ratio [HR] 1.072, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04–1.11, P< 0.001), hyperlipidemia (HR 2.455, 95% CI 1.53–3.93, P< 0.001), and SC (HR 1.648, 95% CI 1.05–2.59, P = 0.031) were significant risk factors of cardiovascular thrombotic events. In conclusion, SC was associated with increased risk of cardiovascular thrombotic events when compared to GnRHa. This is an important aspect to consider while deciding on the method of androgen deprivation therapy, especially in elderly men with known history of hyperlipidemia. 相似文献
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Use of alveolar distraction osteogenesis for implant placement: a case report with eight‐year follow‐up 下载免费PDF全文
Insufficient alveolar ridge width may impede the success of dental implants. Techniques for resolving this problem include autologous bone grafts, guided bone regeneration, bone splitting and bone spreading techniques. Recently, alveolar distraction osteogenesis has become an alternative method for alveolar augmentation. We propose the use of alveolar bone distraction for insufficient alveolar ridge width. A healthy 33‐year‐old female presented with missing teeth to our clinic. Clinical and radiographic examination revealed the alveolar ridge was too narrow for placement of dental implants. Therefore, horizontal distraction osteogenesis of the posterior mandibular ridge was chosen for augmentation. Two months later, two implants were placed. No significant marginal bone resorption was seen around the implants eight years after placement. Our results indicate that horizontal alveolar distraction is recommended to increase ridge width and allow placement of standard dental implants. 相似文献
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