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CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology - An author was inadvertently omitted from the author list. Helen Kavnoudias should be listed as third author. The added author’s name and...  相似文献   
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ObjectivesCandida albicanscolonizes biomaterial surfaces and are highly resistant to therapeutics. Graphene nanocoating on titanium compromises initial biofilm formation. However, its sustained antibiofilm potential is unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of graphene nanocoating to decrease long-term fungal biofilm development and hyphae growth on titanium.MethodsGraphene nanocoating was deposited twice (TiGD) or five times (TiGV) on grade 4 titanium with vacuum assisted technique and characterized with Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscope. The biofilm formation and hyphae growth of C. albicans was monitored for seven days by CFU, XTT, confocal, mean cell density and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). Uncoated titanium was the Control. All tests had three independent biological samples and were performed in independent triplicates. Data was analyzed with one- or two-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD (α = 0.05).ResultsBoth TiGD and TiGV presented less biofilms at all times points compared with Control. The confocal and SEM images revealed few adhered cells on graphene coated samples, absence of hyphae and no features of a mature biofilm architecture. The increase in number of layers of graphene nanocoating did not improve its antibiofilm potential.SignificanceThe graphene nanocoating exerted a long-term persistent inhibitory effect on the biofilm formation on titanium. The fewer cells that were able to attach on graphene coated titanium were scattered and unable to form a mature biofilm with hyphae elements. The findings open opportunities to prevent microbial attachment and proliferation on implantable materials without the use of antibiotics.  相似文献   
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Both tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and entecavir (ETV) are accepted as first‐line treatments for chronic hepatitis B (CHB). However, there are few randomized studies comparing their efficacy. The primary aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of TDF and ETV using a network meta‐analysis of randomized trials. The secondary aim was to additionally include propensity‐matched cohort studies in a conventional meta‐analysis. We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Web of Science for published English‐language randomized and propensity‐matched studies between 1/1/2000 and 4/2/2020. Outcomes included undetectable HBV DNA, ALT normalization and HBeAg seroconversion at 48 weeks. We excluded patients who had co‐infection or significant prior treatment with antivirals. 13 517 participants from 16 studies (11 RCTs, n = 2675; five propensity‐matched cohort studies, n = 10 842) were included. Virological response at 48 weeks was higher in patients receiving TDF compared to ETV using both the network meta‐analytic approach (OR 1.69, P < .001) and the conventional meta‐analysis including propensity‐matched cohort studies (OR 1.40, P < .001). On subgroup analysis, this difference was only significant in HBeAg‐positive patients (OR 1.81, P = .037). There was limited evidence to suggest a higher rate of ALT normalization with ETV (OR 0.74, P = .07). There was no difference in rates of HBeAg seroconversion between the two antivirals. TDF is more likely than ETV to induce virological response at 48 weeks in treatment‐naïve CHB patients. Future studies should focus on elucidating associations between early and sustained virological response with adverse patient outcomes including development of HCC or cirrhosis.  相似文献   
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ABSTRACT

Each year, over 600 youth under the age of 25 experience literal homelessness in Austin, Texas. Of these youth, 76% have a history of involvement with foster care or the juvenile justice system—far exceeding the rates of system involvement observed among homeless youth in other large communities in the United States (approximately 54%; Voices of Youth Count, 2017). Recently, Austin was selected by the U.S. Department of Housing & Urban Development as one of ten communities nationwide to participate in the Youth Homelessness Demonstration Program (YHDP), a federal initiative designed to effectively end youth homelessness by 2020. Youth with lived experience are central players in the development and implementation of Austin's response to the youth homelessness crisis. A group of twelve of these youth (the “Austin Youth Collective to End Youth Homelessness,” or AYC) serve as key decision-making partners within the Austin YHDP team. Representatives of the AYC are deeply involved at every level of the community planning process, from the development of youth-centric housing options to system redesign efforts to ensure that youth do not exit the foster care or juvenile justice systems to homelessness. The article provides an overview of the development and contributions of the AYC—including their programmatic recommendations and advocacy work—as well as key recommendations for communities looking to leverage youth voice at the systems level.  相似文献   
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Duration and functional aspects of the oral and systemic antibody responses following HPV vaccination in HIV-negative (HIV?) and HIV-positive (HIV+) men are not well characterized. Oral and systemic HPV-16 and HPV-18-specific antibody levels were evaluated over 18-months of follow-up, in HIV+ and HIV? men. Sera and oral gargles from 147 HIV? men, ages 27–45 and 75 HIV+ men, ages 22–61, who received 3-doses of quadrivalent HPV vaccine were tested for HPV-16 and HPV-18 antibodies at Day 1, Month 7 (1?month post-dose 3), and Month 18 (12?months post-dose 3) and HPV avidity (Day 1, and Month 7) using L1-VLP ELISA.All individuals seroconverted, regardless of HIV-status, following 3-doses of vaccine for HPV-16 and HPV-18. Serum HPV-16 and HPV-18 antibody geometric mean levels were >2-fold lower in HIV+ compared to HIV? men at Month 7 (HPV-16: 808.5 versus 2119.8?EU/mL, and HPV-18: 285.8 versus 611.6?EU/mL, p?<?0.001) but not significantly different at Month 18 (HPV-16: 281.8 versus 359.7?EU/mL, p?=?0.145, and HPV-18: 120.2 versus 93.4?EU/mL, p?=?0.372). Post-vaccination, only oral HPV-16 antibody levels at Month 7 were significantly different between HIV+ and HIV? men (127.7 versus 177.1?EU/mg of IgG, p?=?0.008). Among baseline HPV-seronegative men, circulating levels of HPV-16 and HPV-18 antibodies were up to >3 fold lower in HIV+ men, at Months 7 and 18. In contrast, levels of HPV-16 and HPV-18 antibodies after vaccination were not inferior in baseline HPV-seropositive, HIV+ men. HPV-16 and HPV-18 avidity was lower among HIV+ compared to HIV? men at Month 7 (HPV-16: 1.95?M versus 2.12?M, p?=?0.027; HPV-18: 1.50?M versus 1.72?M, p?<?0.001).Although differences in peak antibody levels were observed between HIV+ and HIV? men following 3 doses of vaccine, plateau antibody levels were overall comparable, and avidity was relatively high for both groups. These data indicate that the vaccine induced antibody affinity maturation in both HIV+ and HIV? men and will likely result in long-term protective immune responses.  相似文献   
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Thiel embalming is recommended as an alternative to formalin‐based embalming because it preserves tissue elasticity, color, and flexibility in the long term, with low infection and toxicity risk. The degree to which Thiel embalming preserves elasticity has so far been assessed mainly by subjective scoring, with little quantitative verification. The aim of this study is to quantify the effect of Thiel embalming on the elastic properties of human ankle tendons and ligament. Biomechanical tensile tests were carried out on six Thiel‐embalmed samples each of the peroneus longus, peroneus brevis, and calcaneal tendons, and the calcaneofibular ligament, with strain rates of 0.25%s?1, 2%s?1, and 8%s?1. The stress?strain relationship was calculated from the force‐extension response with cross‐sectional area and gauge length. Young's modulus was determined from the stress?strain curve. The results showed that the tendon and ligament elasticity were lower after Thiel embalming than the literature values for fresh nonembalmed tendons and ligament. The biomechanical tensile test showed that the measured elasticity of Thiel‐embalmed tendons and ligaments increased with the strain rate. The Thiel embalming method is useful for preserving human ankle tendons and ligaments for anatomy and surgery teaching and research, but users need to be aware of its softening effects. The method retains the mechanical strain rate effect on tendons and ligament. Clin. Anat. 28:917–924, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.  相似文献   
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Lateral epicondylosis is common, with various treatment modalities. Platelet—rich—plasma injections from autologous blood have recently been used in centres worldwide for the treatment of tennis elbow. We review and present the recent published evidence on the effectiveness of PRP injections for lateral epicondylosis. Nine studies met our inclusion criteria including 6 RCT’s for the purpose of analysis. PRP injections have an important and effective role in the treatment of this debilitating pathology, in cases where physiotherapy has been unsuccessful.  相似文献   
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