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SJ Smith CV Rahman PA Clarke AA Ritchie TW Gould JH Ward KM Shakesheff RG Grundy R Rahman 《Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England》2014,96(7):495-501
Introduction
The median survival of patients with glioblastoma multiforme (astrocytoma grade 4) remains less than 18 months despite radical surgery, radiotherapy and systemic chemotherapy. Surgical implantation of chemotherapy eluting wafers into the resection cavity has been shown to improve length of survival but the current licensed therapy has several drawbacks. This paper investigates in vivo efficacy of a novel drug eluting paste in glioblastoma.Methods
Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/poly(ethylene glycol) (PLGA/PEG) self-sintering paste was loaded with the chemotherapeutic agent etoposide and delivered surgically into partially resected tumours in a flank murine glioblastoma xenograft model.Results
Surgical delivery of the paste was successful and practical, with no toxicity or surgical morbidity to the animals. The paste was retained in the tumour cavity, and preliminary results suggest a useful antitumour and antiangiogenic effect, particularly at higher doses. Bioluminescent imaging was not affected significantly by the presence of the paste in the tumour.Conclusions
Chemotherapy loaded PLGA/PEG paste seems to be a promising technology capable of delivering active drugs into partially resected tumours. The preliminary results of this study suggest efficacy with no toxicity and will lead to larger scale efficacy studies in orthotopic glioblastoma models. 相似文献3.
KH Neppelenbroek RS Seó VM Urban S Silva LN Dovigo JH Jorge NH Campanha 《Oral diseases》2014,20(4):329-344
In healthy individuals, Candida species are considered commensal yeasts of the oral cavity. However, these microorganisms can also act as opportunist pathogens, particularly the so‐called non‐albicans Candida species that are increasingly recognized as important agents of human infection. Several surveys have documented increased rates of C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, C. guilliermondii, C. dubliniensis, C. parapsilosis, and C. krusei in local and systemic fungal infections. Some of these species are resistant to antifungal agents. Consequently, rapid and correct identification of species can play an important role in the management of candidiasis. Conventional methods for identification of Candida species are based on morphological and physiological attributes. However, accurate identification of all isolates from clinical samples is often complex and time‐consuming. Hence, several manual and automated rapid commercial systems for identifying these organisms have been developed, some of which may have significant sensitivity issues. To overcome these limitations, newer molecular typing techniques have been developed that allow accurate and rapid identification of Candida species. This study reviewed the current state of identification methods for yeasts, particularly Candida species. 相似文献
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The clinical spectrum of postpartum thyroid disease 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Lazarus JH; Hall R; Othman S; Parkes AB; Richards CJ; McCulloch B; Harris B 《QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians》1996,89(6):429-435
The clinical and biochemical features of postpartum thyroid disease were
analysed in 152 antithyroid peroxidase antibody-positive (anti TPO+ve)
women and compared with 239 anti-TPO-ve age-matched control postpartum
women. All were assessed monthly for up to 12 months postpartum. Seventy
three anti-TPO+ve women developed post-partum thyroiditis (PPT): 19.2%
hyperthyroid alone, 49.3% hypothyroid alone, and 31.5% characterized by
hyper- followed by hypothyroidism. None of the antibody-negative women
developed any thyroid dysfunction. A significant increase in many of eleven
symptoms of hypothyroidism and some of eight symptoms of hyperthyroidism
compared to control women was observed in all anti-TPO+ve women,
independent of thyroid status. This was particularly seen in women who
later developed PPT when they were euthyroid, but was also observed in
euthyroid anti-TPO+ve women who showed no decline of thyroid function
during the postpartum period. Although PPT is usually transient, this
condition, and the euthyroid antibody-positive state, may be associated
with significant symptomatology, including an increased incidence of minor
to moderate depression. Early recognition of this syndrome by antenatal
screening of thyroid antibodies may contribute to improved management of
women during the postpartum period.
相似文献
6.
目的:观察人工耳蜗植入术后产生听觉的最小电流值(T值)和声场主观测听阈值的变化趋势,分析可能存在的对应关系。方法:于2001-01/2004-12选择解放军第四军医大学西京医院全军耳鼻咽喉专科中心收治的接受人工耳蜗植入者20例,年龄3~6岁,无耳蜗畸形,植入后电极阻抗测试完全正常。植入者在开机后的3,6,12个月3个时间点调机和声场测听。人工耳蜗调试采用澳大利亚Cochlear公司提供的调试软件R126 V2.1,采用游戏行为测听法确定T值。对开机后3,6,12个月的声场主观测听阈值与人工耳蜗调试中T值的变化进行分析。结果:声场测听阈值在开机12个月中呈逐渐降低趋势,开机12个月时声场测听的听力水平较3个月和6个月有明显提高(P<0.05)。植入者术后12个月声场主观测听(啭音)听阈为15~35dB nHL,听力水平较术前有明显提高。20例植入者T值在开机12个月后降到144~158mA,明显低于6个月和3个月的水平(P<0.05)。结论:开机后12个月内产生听觉的最小电流值和声场测听阈值都呈逐渐下降趋势。植入者在熟悉适应了电声信号后,可以在刺激电流强度下降的同时获得更好的听力水平。 相似文献
7.
Anne-Priscille Trouvin Marc Marty Philippe Goupille Serge Perrot 《Joint, bone, spine : revue du rhumatisme》2019,86(2):245-250
Objectives
To study daily pain trajectories (DPT) in patients with knee (KOA) and hip osteoarthritis (HOA) over a one-month period and identify relationships with patients characteristics and acceptability.Methods
This prospective, multicenter cohort study was conducted in France by 602 GPs, on outpatients, with painful KOA or HOA. Patients were asked to fill-in a 28-days daily pain diary. DPT were determined by the difference between daily pain and mean pain over 28 days. Pain peaks were defined as an increase of more than 1 point above the mean for up to three consecutive days. The number of pain peaks over the 28 day period allowed classifying the patient's pain trajectory as either “stable” or “unstable”. A logistic regression model was used to identify predicting factors associated with stable pain profile.Results
Overall, 1645 patients were included and 886 were analyzed, (56% women, 67.8?years, BMI 27.6?kg/m2, pain 6.0, KOA 71.3%). At one month, stable DPT was found in 59.5% of the patients whatever OA location. In HOA, a shorter duration of disease and pain, a greater disability and in KOA, a more recent disease, morning stiffness?≥?15?minutes and flare-up were independent factors associated with “stable” DPT. At one month, acceptable pain state was more frequent (65.4%) in patients with stable profiles.Conclusion
In lower limb OA, pain is mostly stable over a 28-days period. Pain is better accepted when stable, with different determining factors according location. DPT should be considered when establishing HOA and KOA management. 相似文献8.
9.
目的:观察神经干细胞、许旺细胞和组织工程支架材料乙交酯-丙交酯共聚物于大鼠髓内共移植后的生物相容性,及其对大鼠损伤脊髓形态和功能的修复作用。方法:实验于2005-05/2006-09在首都医科大学附属北京市神经外科研究所损伤修复实验室完成。①实验材料:健康成年雌性Wistar大鼠36只,随机数字表法分为单纯支架组、神经干细胞 支架复合体组、神经干细胞 许旺细胞 支架复合体组,12只/组。乙交酯-丙交酯共聚物由中科院化学研究所医用高分子材料中心提供。②实验方法:各组大鼠均建立脊髓T9半横断损伤模型。神经干细胞 许旺细胞 支架复合体组取2×1010L-1的许旺细胞、神经干细胞各10μL接种于乙交酯-丙交酯共聚物支架内,神经干细胞 支架复合体组取2×1010L-1的神经干细胞10μL接种于乙交酯-丙交酯共聚物支架内,单纯支架组取10μLDMEM培养液置于乙交酯-丙交酯共聚物支架内,于脊髓缺损处分别植入对应的复合物。③实验评估:应用电镜观察乙交酯-丙交酯共聚物支架的降解及轴突的再生状况;应用BBB评分和电生理技术检测大鼠脊髓功能性的恢复情况。结果:36只Wistar大鼠均进入结果分析。①行为学观察结果:移植术后4,12周,神经干细胞 支架复合体组、神经干细胞 许旺细胞 支架复合体组大鼠的后肢运动功能BBB评分均好于单纯支架组(P<0.01),其中神经干细胞 许旺细胞 支架复合体组尤为明显。②神经电生理检查结果:在脊髓半横断损伤后即刻,所有动物的体感诱发电位和运动诱发电位波幅都明显减低甚至消失。移植术后4周,神经干细胞 支架复合体组、神经干细胞 许旺细胞 支架复合体组大鼠的体感诱发电位和运动诱发电位波幅均有所恢复;至移植术后12周恢复明显。单纯支架组移植术后4,12周体感诱发电位和运动诱发电位波幅无明显变化。③电镜观察结果:扫描电镜下,随着时间的延长各组植入的乙交酯-丙交酯共聚物逐渐降解。透射电镜下,各组植入材料正中横断面可见新生的无髓及有髓神经纤维,至12周时神经干细胞 许旺细胞 支架复合体组最明显。结论:乙交酯-丙交酯共聚物在大鼠损伤的脊髓内具有良好的生物相容性;其与神经干细胞、许旺细胞共移植能够明显促进脊髓半横断损伤大鼠的脊髓轴突再生,并改善肢体的运动功能。 相似文献
10.
目的:观察核转录因子κB活性抑制剂N-乙酰半胱氨酸对脑死亡状态下巴马小型猪肾脏结构、功能与核转录因子κB mRNA其蛋白表达的影响,以期提高脑死亡供肾的肾移植效果。方法:实验于2003—08/2004—12在河南省实验动物中心及河南省病理学重点实验室完成。①实验分组及方法:将15只巴马小型猪按随机数字表法分为3组(n=5),即脑死亡组、N-乙酰半胱氨酸组及对照组。脑死亡组和N-乙酰半胱氨酸组均应用改进的缓慢间断颅内加压法建立脑死亡模型,脑死亡组不行药物干预;N-乙酰半胱氨酸组分别于初次确认脑死亡后1h,12h给予N-乙酰半胱氨酸。对照组动物麻醉后仅行开颅与开关腹手术。②实验评估:分别于首次判定脑死亡后3,6,12,18和24h检测动物血清中尿素氮、肌酐、白细胞介素1β、白细胞介素6、肿瘤坏死因子α水平。于脑死亡后3,6,12及24h开腹取相同部位肾组织,苏木精-伊红染色后观察肾组织结构变化,应用免疫组化染色观察核转录因子κB蛋白的表达水平,应用反转录-聚合酶链反应法检测核转录因子κB mRNA动态变化。结果:15只猪均进入结果分析。①自首次判定脑死亡后12h开始,脑死亡组和N-乙酰半胱氨酸组尿素氮和肌酐水平逐渐升高(P〈0.05),相同时间点比较N-乙酰半胱氨酸组显著低于脑死亡组(P〈0.05)。②自首次判定脑死亡3h开始,脑死亡组及N-乙酰半胱氨酸组白细胞介素1β、白细胞介素6、肿瘤坏死因子α逐渐升高(P〈0.05),相同时间点比较N-乙酰半胱氨酸组显著低于脑死亡组(P〈0.05)。③自脑死亡后3h开始,脑死亡组及N-乙酰半胱氨酸组肾组织NF-κB mRNA其蛋白表达水平逐渐升高(P〈0.05),相同时间点比较N-乙酰半胱氨酸组显著低于脑死亡组(P〈0.05)。④N-乙酰半胱氨酸组和脑死亡组动物脑死亡后12h可见肾脏结构变化,N-乙酰半胱氨酸组变化程度明显轻于脑死亡组。结论:N-乙酰半胱氨酸可能通过抑制核转录因子κB mRNA其蛋白的表达,减少炎症介质的释放,从而保护脑死亡状态下肾脏的功能及结构,提高脑死亡供肾肾移植效果。 相似文献