Unexpected Return for Follow-up During the First Year of Multidisciplinary Care May Be Predictive of Rapid Deterioration of Renal Function

Multidisciplinary predialysis education and team care (MDC) may slow the decline in renal function in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, associations between unexpected return during MDC and progression of renal dysfunction have not been characterized in patients with CKD. Our study aimed to determine the association between exacerbation of renal dysfunction and the frequency of unexpected return during follow-up.A total of 437 patients with CKD receiving multidisciplinary care between January 2009 and June 2013 at the Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital were included in this retrospective observational cohort study, and multiple imputations were performed for missing data. The predictor was the frequency of unexpected return for follow-up during the first year after entering MDC. Main outcome was monthly declines in estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR). Moreover, the demographic data, comorbidities, history of medication, and routine laboratory data for patients with CKD were collected.Among all patients, 59.7% were male, the mean age at initiation of MDC was 69.4 ± 13.2 years, and the duration of follow-up was 21.4 ± 3.3 months. The subjects were divided into 2 groups according to frequencies of follow-up (≤4 and > 4 visits) during the 1st year of MDC. The patients with CKD were regularly followed up every 3 months as a part of MDC in our hospital, and patients who returned for more than 4 follow-up visits were included in the unexpected return group. In crude regression analyses, unexpected return was significantly associated with higher monthly declines of eGFR (β = 0.092, 95% confidence interval, 0.014–0.170). This association remained after adjustments for multiple variables, and subgroup analyses of unexpected return showed that male gender, older age, CKD stage 1 to 3, hypertension, history of coronary artery disease, and use of renin–angiotensin system blockade were significantly associated with declines in renal function.In conclusion, unexpected return for follow-up during the 1st year of MDC was significantly associated with the deterioration of renal function.     

Meta-Analysis of Saturated Fatty Acid Intake and Breast Cancer Risk

The associations between saturated fatty acid (SFA) consumption and risk of breast cancer (BC) remains inconclusive. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to determine the quantitative relations between dietary SFA intake and incidence of BC.Literatures published up to April 2015 were systematically screened through Pubmed and Web of Science. Relevant publication quality was evaluated by conducting the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. We used fixed effects models or random effect models to calculate the summary relative risks (RRs) and odds ratios (ORs), and conducted sensitivity analyses and evaluated the publication bias.We identified a total of 52 studies (24 cohort studies and 28 case–control studies), with over 50,000 females diagnosed with BC. The associations between dietary SFA intake and risk of BC were 1.18 for case–control studies (high vs low intake, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03–1.34) and 1.04 for cohort studies (95% CI = 0.97–1.11). When restricted analyses to population-based studies, positive associations were observed for both cohort (RR [95% CI] = 1.11 [1.01–1.21]) and case–control studies (OR [95% CI] = 1.26 [1.03–1.53]). Additionally, for case–control studies, significant positive associations between higher SFA intake and BC risk were observed for Asian (OR [95% CI] = 1.17 [1.02–1.34]) and Caucasian (OR [95% CI] = 1.19 [1.00–1.41]), as well as for postmenopausal women (OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.02–1.73). In contrast, higher dietary SFA intake was not associated with risk of BC among premenopausal women, in cohort studies or hospital-based studies.A positive association between higher dietary SFA intake and postmenopausal BC risk was observed in case–control but not in cohort studies. More studies are warranted to confirm these findings.     

六手操作技术在口腔微螺钉种植支抗术中的应用

目的:探讨六手操作技术在口腔正畸微螺钉种植支抗术中的应用效果。方法:选取158例运用微螺钉种植支抗术的患者,在手术过程中采用六手操作护理配合。结果:六手操作护理配合明显缩短了手术时间,避免了交叉感染的发生,提高了患者满意度。结论:六手操作护理技术有一定的先进性,值得在临床推广。     

表皮生长因子受体家族与肺部疾病的研究进展

表皮生长因子受体家族是一类重要的受体型酪氨酸激酶,在细胞增殖、分化的信号转导通路中起着关键作用。近年来其在肺部疾病发病机制中的作用越来越受到重视,本文主要就表皮生长因子受体家族与肺部疾病(肺癌、支气管哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺疾病)关系的研究进展作一综述,旨在探讨以上三种常见肺部疾病的发病机制及为其临床治疗提供新的理论依据。     

北欧清洗消毒现状——消毒过程如何减少医院感染

1“消毒”定义的发展250多年前,在瑞典的医疗工作中已经开始使用“消毒”(Disinfection)作为术语,主要指控制或减少医院内的怪味。当时微生物致病的重要性依然不为民众所知。消毒的现代定义是指去除或杀灭致病微生物,以达到清洁要求。消毒的理想方式是完全去除表面的微生物,当然如果真能做到这一点,物品的表面就不止达到了消毒要求,而应为无菌状态了。2现代消毒技术水作为溶剂和优良的载体,对清洁过程起着至关重要的作用。但是,单纯用水或水溶液清洗的方法达不到去除所有微生物的要求。这样,消毒过程要分两步,第1步是通过清洗或机械手段尽…