靶控输注瑞芬太尼和异丙酚麻醉诱导时镇静催眠效应的相互作用

Objective To investigate the sedative and hypnotic interaction between remifentanil and propofol by target-controlled infusion (TCI) during induction of anesthesia.Methods Third-two ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱpatients,aged 22-63 yr,body mass index 18-25 kg/m2,scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia,were randomly divided into 4 groups(n=8 each).Group Ⅰ only received TCI pmpofol.GroupⅡ,Ⅲ,and Ⅳreceived a target concentration of 2,4 or 6 ng/ml remifentanil respectively.While the blood-effect site concentrations of remifentanil were equilibrated,patients received TCI of propefol,with an initial target concentration of 0.5μg/ml.After the blood-effect site concentrations of propofol were equilibrated then with 0.5μg/ml increments until the loss consciousness was achieved.The eyelash reflex and state of consciousness were assessed and radial arterial blood sample 6 ml was taken every 3 min to determine the remifentanil and propofol concentrations in blood.Propofol and remifentanil concentrations in blood were measured by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection respectively.The sedative and hypnotic interaction between propofol and remifentanil was determined with a pharmacodynamie interaction model by regression analysis and determined using the isobolographic method.Results Propofol concentrations in blood were lower in group Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ than group Ⅰ(P<0.05).The propofol concentratopms in blood were significantly decreased in trun with the increase in the remifentanil concentrations in blood in group Ⅱ-Ⅳ(P<0.05).At loss of eyelash reflex and loss of consciousness of patients,the pharmacodynamic interaction model by curve fitting was superior to linear regression (P<0.05).At loss of eyelash reflex of patients,the curve fitting result showed EC50,prop=2.77μg/ml and EC50,rem=26.67 ng/ml,and the isobolographic method equation is ECprop/2.77+ECrem/26.67=0.69.At loss of consciousness of patients,the curve fitting result showed EC50,prop==3.76μg/ml and EC50,rem=31.56ng/ml,and the isobolographic method equation is Ecprop/3.76+Ecrem/31.56=0.65.Conclusion Remifentanil (Cp 2-6 ng/ml) and propofol by TCI shows a synergistic type of pharmacodynamic interaction on the sedative and hypnotic during induction of anesthesia.     

右美托咪啶联合丙泊酚对全麻手术患者血流动力学的影响

目的:观察右美托咪啶联合丙泊酚对全麻手术患者血流动力学的影响。方法:将60例择期行全麻手术患者按随机数字表法均分为氯化钠注射液组(C组)、右美托咪啶组(D1^D4组)。所有患者均给予丙泊酚进行麻醉诱导,C组患者给予氯化钠注射液,D1D4组)。所有患者均给予丙泊酚进行麻醉诱导,C组患者给予氯化钠注射液,D1^D4组患者均给予右美托咪啶。监测5组患者诱导前(T0)、给药后5 min(T1)、10 min(T2)、睫毛反射消失时(T3)、意识消失时(T4)、气管插管前即刻(T5)、气管插管后1 min(T6)、3 min(T7)时的心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)变化;记录睫毛反射消失时、意识消失时丙泊酚效应室浓度(ECC)及剂量;记录患者气管插管阳性反应及不良反应发生情况。结果:C组、D1组患者T5及T6时HR、MAP均显著高于T0时,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);D2组、D3组患者T1D4组患者均给予右美托咪啶。监测5组患者诱导前(T0)、给药后5 min(T1)、10 min(T2)、睫毛反射消失时(T3)、意识消失时(T4)、气管插管前即刻(T5)、气管插管后1 min(T6)、3 min(T7)时的心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)变化;记录睫毛反射消失时、意识消失时丙泊酚效应室浓度(ECC)及剂量;记录患者气管插管阳性反应及不良反应发生情况。结果:C组、D1组患者T5及T6时HR、MAP均显著高于T0时,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);D2组、D3组患者T1^T4时HR、MAP均显著低于T0时,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);D4组患者各时点HR均显著低于T0时,T1、T2时点MAP均显著高于T0时,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);D2组、D3组、D4组患者HR较C组、D1组在T2T4时HR、MAP均显著低于T0时,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);D4组患者各时点HR均显著低于T0时,T1、T2时点MAP均显著高于T0时,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);D2组、D3组、D4组患者HR较C组、D1组在T2^T6时点均显著降低,D2组、D3组患者MAP较C组、D1组在T3T6时点均显著降低,D2组、D3组患者MAP较C组、D1组在T3^T6时点均显著降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);睫毛反射消失时和意识消失时D2组、D3组、D4组患者ECC及剂量较D1组、C组均显著降低,且D3、D4组显著低于D2组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),D2组、D3组患者不良反应发生率显著低于C、D1、D4组患者,且D2组显著低于D3组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:右美托咪啶联合丙泊酚应用于全麻手术患者,不仅可以维持患者全麻诱导期间血流动力学稳定,还可有效控制患者的应激反应。但是,右美托咪啶用于老年患者麻醉诱导期间的确切疗效和安全性尚须进一步临床研究。     

开胸手术病人舒芬太尼术后镇痛的有效血药浓度

开胸手术创伤大，术后疼痛严重，可导致过度应激、加重循环负荷、抑制病人有效呼吸及咳嗽等不良反应。术后镇痛可减少术后不良反应，加快康复。舒芬太尼具有镇痛效果良好、血液动力学稳定、安全范围大等特点，适用于术后镇痛，但舒芬太尼达到镇痛、镇静满意时的血药浓度有待进一步探讨。本研究拟探讨开胸手术病人舒芬太尼术后镇痛的有效血药浓度。     

右美托咪定在臂丛神经阻滞麻醉中的应用

目的探讨右美托咪定用于辅助臂丛神经阻滞麻醉的效果。方法 60例上肢手术患者随机分为2组,每组30例,均选用肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞。穿刺找到异感后注射0.375%罗哌卡因10mL+1%利多卡因10mL局部麻醉,15min后麻醉效果确定、切皮无疼痛感后,试验组10min内静脉泵注右美托咪定1μg·kg~(-1),后以0.5μg·kg~(-1)·h~(-1)维持30min;对照组则静脉注射氟芬合剂2mL(含氯哌利多2.5mg和芬太尼0.05mg)。记录不同时点患者的心率、血氧饱和度(SpO_2)、呼吸频率,并进行OAA/S镇静评分。结果 2组给药后,各时点OAA/S评分均降低,与给药前相比差异显著(P<0.05),停药后20min试验组OAA/S评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。试验组患者用药后心率减慢(P<0.05),对照组无明显变化。试验组患者给药及维持期间SpO_2、呼吸频率无明显变化,对应时点对照组患者5pO_2、呼吸频率有所下降,2组差异显著(P<0.05)。2组术后均无发生恶心、呕吐,患者对术中评价满意。结论右美托咪定用于臂丛神经阻滞麻醉,对清醒患者有明显镇静效应并可被唤醒,无呼吸抑制情况,但会使患者心率减慢。     

舒芬太尼对肾功能正常和肾功能衰竭患者全身麻醉恢复的影响

[摘要] 目的 比较舒芬太尼复合丙泊酚用于肾功能正常和肾功能衰竭全麻恢复情况。方法 选择终末期肾功能衰竭行肾移植手术的患者20例,另以其亲属活体供肾手术患者20例患者作为对照。静脉靶控输注丙泊酚(血浆靶浓度3～4 mg/L)、舒芬太尼(血浆靶浓度0.2～0.4 g/L) 和间断静脉注射顺式阿曲库铵行麻醉诱导和麻醉维持,手术结束前1小时停用阿曲库铵,术毕前5 min停止输注丙泊酚,舒芬太尼靶浓度0.1 g/L维持至拔除气管导管。观察患者术后自主呼吸恢复时间、呼之睁眼时间、拔管时间和拔管后意识状态(OAA/S)等。结果 两组患者舒芬太尼用量分别为（102.4 21.3） g 和 （89.6 20.0） g, 全麻结束后两组患者自主呼吸恢复时间分别为（10.6 2.5） 和 （12.7 3.1）min, 呼之睁眼时间分别为（14.5 3.2） 和 （15.6 3.6）min, 拔管时间分别为（16.3 3.5） 和（18.8 4.0）min, 拔管后OAA/S评分及术后恶心、呕吐发生率、皮肤瘙痒无差异。结论 肾功能正常与衰竭患者舒芬太尼复合丙泊酚靶控输注时用量、麻醉恢复无明显差异,常用舒芬太尼用量可安全用于肾移植手术麻醉,可能与肾移植术后肾功能恢复有关。     

右美托咪定用于下肢手术镇静的适宜负荷剂量探讨

目的:观察右美托咪定不同剂量对下肢手术患者的影响,探讨右美托咪定用于下肢手术镇静的适宜负荷剂量。方法:选择50例美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级择期在腰硬联合麻醉下行下肢手术的患者,年龄18～60岁,手术时间2～3h,体质量指数(BMI)18～29kg/m,随机分为5组,即对照组(D0)和右美托咪定组(D1、D2、D3、D4),每组10例。麻醉平面稳定后(若麻醉平面不能确定就以手术医师切皮不痛为标准),开始静脉泵注右美托咪定,D1、D2、D3、D4组剂量分别为0.25、0.50、0.75、1.00μg/kg,D0组为生理盐水对照组,给药时间均为10min。记录泵药前(T0)和泵药后5min(T5)、10min(T10)、30min(T30)、60min(T60)、90min(T90)及术后2h(T120)、4h(T240)各时间点的心率(HR)、脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO2)、平均动脉压(MAP)、Narcotrend指数、Ramsay评分。结果:与T0比较,D1～D4组在T10、T30、T60、T90时HR均降低(P<0.05),在T5、T10时MAP升高(P<0.05),在T10、T30时Narcotrend指数下降(P<0.05),在T10、T30、T60时Ramsay评分升高(P<0.05)。结论:右美托咪定负荷剂量0.50～0.75μg/kg用于下肢手术镇静,能达到满意的镇静效果,患者血流动力学较稳定且无呼吸抑制。在给药30min后镇静效果较明显,随着剂量的增大,镇静时间延长。     

靶控输注异丙酚复合舒芬太尼或瑞芬太尼在神经外科手术中的比较

目的：比较靶控输注异丙酚复合舒芬太尼或瑞芬太尼全静脉麻醉在神经外科手术中的麻醉效果以及术后麻醉恢复情况。方法：将46例神经外科择期手术病人分为两组。以血浆药物浓度为靶浓度,靶控输注舒芬太尼（PS组,n=23）0.4～0.8μg/L或瑞芬太尼（PR组,n=23）2～4μg/L后,逐步升高异丙酚靶浓度至3～4mg/L,视术中情况调整舒芬太尼或瑞芬太尼靶浓度维持麻醉平稳,观察收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、心率（HR）以及麻醉恢复情况。结果：麻醉诱导后PS组输注异丙酚后SBP、DBP、HR下降（P〈0.05）;PR组病人SBP、DBP均降低（P〈0.05）,HR降低明显（P〈0.01）。气管插管、切皮及术中血流动力学稳定。术后2hPS组病人平稳。PR组躁动发生率为13%。结论：神经外科手术中靶控输注异丙酚复合舒芬太尼或瑞芬太尼全静脉麻醉均能达到满意的麻醉效果,舒芬太尼麻醉血流动力学稳定,恢复平稳。[著者文摘]     

靶控输注瑞芬太尼和异丙酚麻醉诱导时镇静催眠效应的相互作用

Objective To investigate the sedative and hypnotic interaction between remifentanil and propofol by target-controlled infusion (TCI) during induction of anesthesia.Methods Third-two ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱpatients,aged 22-63 yr,body mass index 18-25 kg/m2,scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia,were randomly divided into 4 groups(n=8 each).Group Ⅰ only received TCI pmpofol.GroupⅡ,Ⅲ,and Ⅳreceived a target concentration of 2,4 or 6 ng/ml remifentanil respectively.While the blood-effect site concentrations of remifentanil were equilibrated,patients received TCI of propefol,with an initial target concentration of 0.5μg/ml.After the blood-effect site concentrations of propofol were equilibrated then with 0.5μg/ml increments until the loss consciousness was achieved.The eyelash reflex and state of consciousness were assessed and radial arterial blood sample 6 ml was taken every 3 min to determine the remifentanil and propofol concentrations in blood.Propofol and remifentanil concentrations in blood were measured by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection respectively.The sedative and hypnotic interaction between propofol and remifentanil was determined with a pharmacodynamie interaction model by regression analysis and determined using the isobolographic method.Results Propofol concentrations in blood were lower in group Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ than group Ⅰ(P<0.05).The propofol concentratopms in blood were significantly decreased in trun with the increase in the remifentanil concentrations in blood in group Ⅱ-Ⅳ(P<0.05).At loss of eyelash reflex and loss of consciousness of patients,the pharmacodynamic interaction model by curve fitting was superior to linear regression (P<0.05).At loss of eyelash reflex of patients,the curve fitting result showed EC50,prop=2.77μg/ml and EC50,rem=26.67 ng/ml,and the isobolographic method equation is ECprop/2.77+ECrem/26.67=0.69.At loss of consciousness of patients,the curve fitting result showed EC50,prop==3.76μg/ml and EC50,rem=31.56ng/ml,and the isobolographic method equation is Ecprop/3.76+Ecrem/31.56=0.65.Conclusion Remifentanil (Cp 2-6 ng/ml) and propofol by TCI shows a synergistic type of pharmacodynamic interaction on the sedative and hypnotic during induction of anesthesia.     

靶控输注瑞芬太尼和异丙酚麻醉诱导时镇静催眠效应的相互作用

目的 探讨靶控输注(TCI)瑞芬太尼和异丙酚麻醉诱导时镇静催眠效应的相互作用.方法 择期全麻手术患者32例,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,年龄22～63岁,体重指数18～25 kg/m2.采用TCI异丙酚和瑞芬太尼诱导麻醉,随机分为4组(n=8):Ⅰ组单纯TCI异丙酚,Ⅱ组～Ⅳ组TCI瑞芬太尼,血浆靶浓度分别为2、4、6 ng/ml,当瑞芬太尼血浆靶浓度与效应室浓度达平衡时开始TCI异丙酚,异丙酚初始血浆靶浓度均为0.5μg/ml,当异丙酚血浆靶浓度与效应室浓度达平衡时以0.5μg/ml的浓度梯度递增诱导至患者意识消失.每隔3min观察睫毛反射和意识状态,同时抽取桡动脉血样6ml,分别采用反相高效液相色谱法和高效液相色谱-紫外法测定异丙酚和瑞芬太尼血药浓度.采用药效学相互作用模型公式和等辐射法分析两者镇静催眠效应的相互作用.结果 与Ⅰ组比较,Ⅱ组～Ⅳ组睫毛反射消失和意识消失时异丙酚血药浓度降低,而Ⅱ组～Ⅳ组随瑞芬太尼血药浓度升高,异丙酚血药浓度依次降低(P<0.05).睫毛反射消失和意识消失时,异丙酚和瑞芬太尼血药浓度用药效学相互作用模型曲线拟合均优于直线回归(P<0.05).拟合出睫毛反射消失时EC50,prop=2.77μg/ml、EC50,rem=26.67 ng/ml,其等辐射法公式EC prop/2.77+Ecrem/26.67=0.69;意识消失时EC50,prop=3.76μg/ml、EC50,rem=31.56 ng/ml,其等辐射法公式Ecprop/3.76+Ecrem/31.56=0.65.结论 麻醉诱导期间,TCI瑞芬太尼(血浆靶浓度2～6ng/ml)和异丙酚在镇静催眠效应上呈协同作用.