同位素稀释液相色谱串联质谱法测定血清睾酮

目的建立一种用同位素稀释液相色谱串联质谱法(ID-LC/MS/MS)测定血清睾酮的候选参考方法。方法以[16,17,17-d3]睾酮为内标,用重量法准确地与血清混合,用乙酸乙酯-正己烷混合溶剂提取,以羟丙基-β-环糊精水溶液对提取液作净化处理,用液相色谱串联质谱分析,质谱选择离子监测模式检测睾酮与内标的特定碎片离子,用包括法定量。结果血清睾酮测定的批内、批间和总变异系数(CV)的均值(范围)为0.84%(0.22%~2.00%)、1.01%(0.48%~2.37%)和1.37%(0.53%~3.09%)。参考物质ERM DA-345a和NIST SRM 971测定结果与认定值的平均偏差范围为-2.0%~+1.8%。结论用ID-LC/MS/MS建立了血清睾酮的测定方法,方法准确、精密、简便,有望作为血清睾酮测定的参考方法。     

血清总甘油测定基质效应的研究

目的 评价28种质控血清或校准物在8种总甘油常规检测系统下的基质效应,并评价常规系统校准的准确性.方法 以同位素稀释液相色谱串联质谱测定m清总甘油的方法为对比方法,用甘油氧化酶法的8种常规测定系统为待评价方法,测定20份人新鲜血清和28种制备物中的总甘油.将两法测定人新鲜血清的结果作直线回归,求得Y值双侧95%的预测区问,评价制备物的基质效应.通过分析新鲜血清样本的测定结果评价常规系统校准的准确性.结果 制备物在进口A、B、C系统和国产D系统巾表现正基质效应,进口D系统正、负基质效应均有以正效应为主,国产A、B系统正、负基质效应均以负效应为主,只有1个制备物对国产C系统有较弱的基质效应.同对比方法相比,国产A、D系统存在正校准偏差,进口A、B、C、D和国产B系统1竽在负偏差,国产C系统不存在校准偏差.结论 我国血清总甘油的部分常规检测系统存在校准偏差,部分质控物和校准物存在基质效应.为实现检验结果的准确性和实验室问的可比性,临床标准化工作势在必行.     

不同抗凝剂对肝移植受者FK506血药浓度测定的影响及临床意义

目的探讨不同抗凝剂对肝移植受者他克莫司（FK506）血药浓度测定的影响及临床意义。方法采集肝移植受者静脉全血34份,使用乙二胺四乙酸二钾（EDTA-K2）、枸橼酸钠和肝素锂抗凝剂分别抗凝同一份血样本,在IMx型免疫分析仪上用微粒子酶免疫分析法（MEIA）测定FK506血药浓度。结果肝素锂组与EDTA组差异无统计学意义（P=0.660）,呈正相关（r=0.982 8）。枸橼酸钠组与EDTA组差异有统计学意义（P=0.000）,呈正相关（r=0.961 3）。枸橼酸钠组与肝素锂组差异有统计学意义（P=0.000）,呈正相关（r=0.939 8）。结论肝素锂组与EDTA组几乎无偏差,但是枸橼酸钠组分别与EDTA组和肝素锂组存在一定程度的负偏差。枸橼酸钠对MEIA测定FK506血药浓度有一定的影响,应优先考虑EDTA或肝素锂抗凝剂采集全血样本。     

太阳经证辨证施护体会

《伤寒论》以“六经”作为辨证论治的纲领。“六经”,指太阳、阳明、少阳、太阴,少阴、厥阴而言。笔者在多年的临床实践中,运用六经辨证论治的理论指导护理工作,取得较好效果。现将笔者的六经之首太阳经证的辩证施护体会介绍于下,以供参考。太阳为六经之首,统摄营卫,主一身之表,以固护于外,故为诸经之藩篱。外邪侵入人体,太阳首     

巨大肾盂积水误诊卵巢肿瘤一例

患者25岁,已婚,因停经4个月,尿频、大便稀烂2个月,发现下腹肿块2个月,于1991年5月27日入院。末次月经1991年1月25日,5天干净,量中等,无痛经,停经40天后出现恶心呕吐等反应并持续8个月,停经2个月后出现尿急、尿频、尿少,无尿痛、终末血尿及便血,未经治疗;近1月来感腹胀痛难以忍受,半个月前曾到本市某院就诊,考虑妊娠合并卵巢肿瘤,未服药;近1周来肿块明显增大,心悸不能平卧;3天前本院门诊拟诊左侧卵巢恶性肿瘤可能、妊娠4个月收住入院。初潮18岁,月经经期、周期正常。婚前人流1次。体     

母婴Rh血型不合的产前诊断及处理(附4例分析)

母婴血型不合可致流产、死胎、胎儿水肿、高胆红素血症、核黄疸等,对新生儿造成威胁。为提高对Rh溶血病的认识,现将本院自1989年以来所见的Rh溶血病4例报道分析如下。1 临床资料1.1 例1:王××,33岁,住院号146838,因停经21周,自觉无胎动半个月,于1989年12月4日来院求诊,经检查发现腹部异常增大,未听到胎心,B超检查提示胎儿有胸水、死胎。拟诊晚期难免流产。生育史2—0—4—1,现存一儿为痴呆,曾4次难免流产。入院时宫高23cm,腹围82cm。血液检查肝、肾功能及凝血功能均正常范围。入院第4天行羊膜腔雷凡诺尔引产,次日完全流产,胎盘自娩,外观完整。产后阴道出血量多,经刮宫检查无宫腔内残留,出现休克,经抢救、输血、升压、强心等治疗后血压仍然不回升,5h后出现高     

多元分析模板图在监测肝移植受者FK506治疗窗浓度中的应用

目的:应用多元分析模板图为临床肝移植受者监测他可莫司(代号FK506)理想治疗窗浓度提供方法。方法:用Excel软件建立标准品、质控品和患者样本的多元分析模板图,对微粒子酶免疫分析法(MEIA)测定的肝移植受者全血FK506血药浓度数据进行处理。结果:为11例肝移植受者检测FK506血药浓度178例次,术后3个月内在理想治疗窗浓度范围内者占44.6 %,异常标准曲线5条,质控值失控3次。结论:多元分析模板图操作简单,使用方便,是监测FK506治疗窗浓度的实用工具。     

亲和层析微柱在抗肌红蛋白抗体纯化中的应用

为寻找一种操作简便、效率高、纯度好的纯化Mb抗体的方法,用溴化氢活化的琼脂糖珠4B与肌红蛋白(Mb)交联建立了亲和层析微柱,用于纯化Mb抗体.纯化过程简单、迅速,抗血清可直接上柱,用PAGE方法鉴定显示一条带.柱体积小,得率高,整个过程可在1天内完成.     

全血黏度测定质控品的适用性研究

目的 分析比较1种非牛顿流体质控品对3种血液黏度计的适用性,探讨全血黏度测定质控品的适用性对室内质控及实验室间比对活动的影响.方法 用血液黏度计B、C、D在3种不同切变率下(1 s~(-1)、30 s~(-1)、200 s~(-1))对30份全血标本进行平行测定,根据测定结果绘出3台血液黏度计的全血切变率-黏度曲线.同时,在1个工作日内用上述3种血液黏度计对质控品A进行10次平行测定,根据测定结果绘出3台血液黏度计的质控品A切变率-黏度曲线.然后,在4个工作日内再用3种血液黏度计每日分别测定原厂家配套质控品及质控品A各5次,对每台血液黏度计的原厂家质控品及质控品A的4组日测定值进行F检验,考察其日测定值间是否有差异.最后,将质控品A分发给全国49家实验室,各实验室对其进行全血黏度测定,测定结果按实验室所用血液黏度计不同分为血液黏度计B组(20家)、血液黏度计C组(20家)与血液黏度计D组(9家),计算各组在切变率为1 s-1下的组内变异系数.结果血液黏度计B、C、D对30份全血标本的测定结果有较大差异,切变率1 s-1下的测定结果依次下降[(23.88±1.63)、(20.40±1.97)、(13.52±1.43)mPa·s];切变率200 s-1下却依次升高[(3.39±0.36)、(4.88±0.51)、(5.34±0.66)mPa·s];切变率30 s-1下血液黏度计C测值最高,余者依次为仪器D与B[分别为(8.14±0.75)、(6.97±0.83)、(4.74±0.68)mPa·s].3台血液黏度计对质控品A进行测定时,切变率1 s-1下的测定结果依次降低[(22.29±0.56)、(16.93±0.71)、(6.01±0.10)mPa·s];切变率30 s-1下血液黏度计C的测值最高,其次为B与D[分别为(7.35±0.07)、(4.29±0.05)、(3.57±0.05)mPa·s];切变率200 s-1时的测定结果依C、D、B的顺序下降[(3.43±0.03)、(3.07±0.04)、(2.92±0.04)mPa·s].分别比较3台血液黏度计测定原厂家质控品及质控品A的4组日测定值,切变率1 s-1下血液黏度计B测定原厂家质控品与质控品A的日测定值问差异无统计学意义(F值分别为2.63和1.37,P均>0.05),血液黏度计C与D测定原厂家质控品的日测定值间的差异也无统计学意义(F值分别为0.33和3.14,P均>0.05),但测定质控品A的日测定值间差异有统计学意义(F值分别为5.76和8.00,P均<0.05);切变率30s-1下3台血液黏度计测定原厂家质控品的日测定值间差异无统计学意义(F值分别为0.31、0.18和2.26,P均>0.05),对质控品A的日测定值间也差异无统计学意义(F值分别为1.03、1.83和2.40,P均>0.05);切变率200 s-1下3台血液黏度计测定原厂家质控品的日测定值间无差异(F值分别为2.59、0.68和2.96,P均>0.05),对质控品A的日测定值间亦差异无统计学意义(F值分别为2.31、3.01和2.28,P均>0.05).全国49家实验室在切变率1 s~(-1)下测定质控品A,血液黏度计B、C、D组的测定结果分别为(18.47±1.30)、(11.17±2.38)、(8.17±5.21)mPa·s,其中血液黏度计B组的组内变异最小(7.03%),血液黏度计D组与C组的组内变异依次为63.75%,21.31%.结论 质控品A可以在血液黏度计B上稳定模拟全血流变特性,但在血液黏度计C与D上只能部分模拟全血,故质控品A最适用于仪器B.由于人工制备的非牛顿流体质控物只能在一定条件下模拟全血的流变特性,因此实验室在选择室内质控品时应注意评价其流变学特性与全血的相似程度,只有在测定时可以近似模拟全血的候选品才可作为全血黏度测定的质控品.在选择第三方质控品作为实验室间比对用标本时,同样也需重视其适用性问题.通过充分的预实验以明确所选用质控品的适用性,可最大程度地减少由标本适用性所带来的室间差异,使实验室间比对结果能准确反映实验室检测质量.     

全血黏度测定质控品的适用性研究

Objective To exlore the influence of internal quality control and external quality control assessment(EQA) resulting from applicability of control samples in measurement of whole blood viscosity (WBV) through the analysis and comparison of applicability of 1 non-Newtonian fluid internal quality control sample in 3 viscometers. Methods Viscometer B, C and D were used to measure WBV of 30 blood samples in parallel under the shear rate(SR) of 1 s-1,30 s-1 and 200 s-1, then the blood SR-WBV curves of 3 viscometers were drawn according to the results. At the same time, viscometers B, C and D were used respectively to determine the WBV of control A 10 times in one day, then the control A SR-WBV curves were mapped. Three viscometers were used to measure the manufactory control samples and control A 5 times in one day for 4 days. Four groups of daily values of manufactory control samples and control A of each instrument were used to carry out F test to calculate whether 4 daily values are difference. Finally, the control A was dispensed in 49 laboratories nationwide chosen for measurement. On the basis of viscometer used, 20 laboratories were classified as group B, 20 laboratories were classified as group C and 9 laboratories were classified as group D. Then the data under SR of 1 s-1 were analyzed to calculate the coefficient of variation (CV) in the group. Results There was significant difference among the WBV of blood samples measured by the viscometers B, C and D. The results under SR of 1 s-1 declined in turn, and they were highest under SR of 30 s-1 followed by the values of viscometer D and B and they were (8.14±0.75), highest under SR of 30 s-1 followed by the values of viscometer B and D, and they were (7.35±0.07), daily values of manufactory control and control A of each instruments in four groups were compared. Under SR of 1 s-1, there was no difference between daily values of manufactory control and control A in viscometer B (F = 2.63, 1.37, P > 0.05), and there was no difference of daily values of manufactory control among viscometer C and D (F = 0.33,3. 14, P > 0.05), but significant daily difference existed when control A was tested by viscometer C and D (F = 5.76, 8.00, P < 0.05). Under SR of 30 s-1, there was no difference of daily values of manufactory control among 3 viscometers(F =0.31, 0.18, 2.26, P >0.05), and there was no difference of daily values of control A among 3 viscometers' (F = 1.03, 1.83, 2.40, P > 0.05); Under SR of 200 s-1, there was no difference of daily values of manufactory control among 3 viscometers (F =2.59, 0.68, 2.96, P > 0.05), and there was no difference of daily values of control A among 3 viscometers (F=2.31, 3.01, 2.28, P>0.05). When control A was tested under SR of 1 s-1 in 49 laboratories nationwide, the WBV values in groups of viscometer B, C and D were (18.47±1.30), (11.17±2.38), viscometer D and C were 63.75% and 21.3%. Conclusions Control A could fully mimic the properties of whole blood steadily on viscometer B, but partially mimic viscometer C and D, so the control A is most appropriate for viscometer B. Because current non-Newtonian fluid internal quality control could mimic rheological properties of whole blood under specifically conditions, laboratories should evaluate the consistent degree between control and whole blood, only the candidates which can mimic the properties of whole blood approximately could be chosen as quality control of WBV. When third-party control is chosen to be samples of EQA, its applicability should be in consideration. Pretest should be performed adequately to define applicability of third-party control, so as to reduce the difference among laboratories due to applicability of control and reflect detection quality of laboratories exactly.