乳腺组织MR扩散加权成像中GRAPPA技术的应用

目的：评价在乳腺磁共振扩散加权成像（DWI）中应用全自动校准部分并行采集（GRAPPA）技术对改善图像质量及乳腺组织表观扩散系数（ADC）值测量的影响。方法：分别对28例女性乳腺MR受检者进行平面回波（EPI）序列的常规DWI和GRAPPA-DWI检查。常规DWI检查时扩散梯度因子（b）值取800s／mm^2，GRAPPA-DWI检查时b值分别取800、1000s／mm^2。比较不同参数条件下的图像质量分级、信噪比（SNR）及乳腺组织ADC值，并进行统计学分析。结果：在相同b值（b=800s／mm^2）条件下，GRAPPA—DWI组图像质量明显优于常规DWI组，乳腺组织的SNR高于常规DWI组，两组差异均有显著性意义（P〈0．01），乳腺的平均ADC值略低于常规DWI组，但两组差异无显著性意义（P〉0．05）。在GRAPPA—DWI组中，b值为800s／mm。组图像质量略优于b值为1000s／mm。组，但二者差异无显著性意义（P〉0．05），而b值为800s／mm。组乳腺组织的SNR高于b值为1000s／mm^2组，两组差异有显著性意义（P〈0．01），b值为800s／mm^2时乳腺组织的ADC值略高于b值为1000s／mm^2时，差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。结论：GRAPPA技术的应用有助于改善乳腺DWI的图像质量，提高信噪比，并且不会影响乳腺组织ADC值的测量。     

原发性肝细胞癌眼眶转移1例

原发性肝细胞癌眼眶转移罕见,本文作者报告1例有肝癌病史2 年,行多次肝 TACE治疗后发生眼眶转移病例。1　临床资料患者,男性,60 岁。既往有原发性肝细胞癌病史2年,曾先后在本科行肝动脉化疗和碘油栓塞治疗(肝 TACE)。每次用药方案为:5 FU 1000 mg,CDDP 60~80 mg,MMC 20 mg 或 THP 60 gm+38%超液化碘油5~15 ml等进行栓塞治疗,肝内肿瘤逐渐增大。2001年10月因进行性左眼突出伴视力下降2周而在本科门诊就诊。查体:左眼突出较明显,未触及肿块。MRI提示左侧眼眶外侧壁见一类圆形软组织肿块影,直径约4 cm。SE序列 T1WI为等信号,T2…     

空气灌肠MR结肠成像检测结、直肠息肉及癌

目的 评价空气灌肠三维Fourier变换快速扰相梯度回波(FSPGR)序列MR结肠成像检测结直肠息肉及癌的灵敏度.方法 对30例因便血、大便隐血试验阳性或大便习惯改变而拟接受光学结肠镜检查者进行空气灌肠三维Fourier变换FSPGR序列MR结肠成像及光学结肠镜检查.以光学结肠镜及组织病理学检查为标准,按息肉及癌的大小统计分析MR结肠成像检测结直肠息肉及癌的灵敏度.结果 光学结肠镜共检出76枚结直肠息肉及癌,其中1～5 mm息肉11枚、6～9 mm息肉29枚、≥10 mm息肉及癌36枚.MR结肠成像对1～5 mm息肉、6～9 mm息肉、≥10 mm息肉及癌、≥6 mm息肉及癌的检测灵敏度分别为9.09%、75.86%、100%及89.23%,总体检测灵敏度为77.63%.结论 空气灌肠三维Fourier变换FSPGR序列MR结肠成像对1～5 mm结直肠息肉检测灵敏度低,但对≥6 mm息肉及癌的检测灵敏度较高,并能够检出全部≥10 mm的息肉及癌.     

利用全局自动校准部分并行采集技术在高分辨对比增强MR血管成像中对原位肝移植受体肝动脉显示的初步探讨

目的探讨利用全局自动校准部分并行采集（GRAPPA）技术行肝动脉高分辨对比增强MR血管成像（CE—MRA）的可行性，评价其对肝动脉显示的价值。方法对67例原位肝移植受体行GRAPPA三维CE—MRA检查，2名放射科医师独立评价肠系膜上动脉、肝总动脉、肝右动脉、肝左动脉、胃左动脉、胃十二肠动脉、第Ⅳ段肝动脉、右前肝动脉和右后肝动脉的显影质量并行Weighted Kappa分析，并采用4级评分共同评价肝动脉各级分支的显示情况，以手术结果为对照评估肝动脉系统解剖和变异。结果2名医师对各段动脉显影评分有很好的一致性（Kappa值均〉0．75）；39例达到肝左、右动脉远端分支4级水平，23例为肝左、右动脉3级水平，4例为肝固有动脉2级水平，1例为肝总动脉1级水平，平均显示级别为3．49。67例中53例正常肝动脉解剖和14例变异在高分辨率MRA图像中得到准确显示。结论利用GRAPPA技术可获取高分辨CE—MRA肝动脉图像，并且可准确评估肝动脉解剖。     

肾周脂肪肉瘤与肾脏巨大血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的CT和MRI鉴别诊断价值

目的评价CT和MRI对肾周脂肪肉瘤与肾脏巨大血管平滑肌脂肪瘤(AML)的鉴别诊断价值。资料与方法搜集经手术病理证实的肾周脂肪肉瘤18例和肾脏巨大AML(直径>8cm)14例患者资料。32例均行CT检查,10例同时行MRI检查,分析脂肪肉瘤和AML的影像学特点。结果AML有14例显示肾实质缺损、11例发现瘤内扩张血管、5例肿瘤出血及3例伴有更小AML;而脂肪肉瘤无肾实质缺损、出血及不伴有更小AML征象,仅1例发现瘤内血管。肾实质缺损、瘤内扩张血管及肿瘤出血对鉴别两者差异有统计学意义。结论肾实质缺损、瘤内血管和出血是肾周脂肪肉瘤与肾脏巨大AML鉴别的重要影像学征象。     

Gd-BOPTA增强MRI对小肝癌的诊断价值

目的　比较Gd BOPTA增强MRI与MRI平扫、Gd DTPA动态增强MRI在诊断小肝癌 (SHCC)方面的差异 ,进一步提高小肝癌检出率和诊断准确性并观察其不良反应。资料与方法　手术或穿刺病理证实为SHCC患者 2 5例。采用GESigna 1.5T磁共振扫描仪。行SE序列T1WI、FSE序列T2 WI及Gd DTPA快速动态增强多期扫描。Gd BOPTA增强扫描亦采用静脉团注快速动态增强扫描 (同Gd DTPA) ,并在团注后 15min、6 0min行SE序列T1WI和FMPSPGR序列T1WI扫描各 1次。观察MRI平扫、Gd DTPA快速动态增强和Gd BOPTA增强扫描及延迟扫描对病灶的检出率、包膜显示情况以及病灶的强化特征并行统计学分析。观察其不良反应。结果　 2 5例患者共发现病灶4 2个。对SHCC病灶的检出率 ,MRI平扫为 6 9.0 5 % ,Gd DTPA增强为 85 .71% ,Gd BOPTA增强 (动态 延迟 )为95 .2 4 % ,和Gd DTPA增强之间无统计学差异 ,和MRI平扫有统计学意义。病理检查发现 30个病灶有包膜。Gd BOPTA增强对SHCC包膜的显示 ...     

磁共振弥散加权成像评价肝纤维化的临床病理对照研究

Objective To evaluate the clinical practical value of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements based on diffusion-weighted MR imaging (DWI) for quantification of liver fibrosis and inflammation for hepatitis viral infection.Methods Diffusion-weighted MRI with parallel imaging was prospectively performed on 85 patients with chronic hepatitis and on 22 healthy volunteers within a single breath-hold using a single-shot spin-echo echo-planar sequence at b values of 100, 300, 500,800 and 1000 s/mm2 respectively. ADC values of liver were measured with five different b values. The inflammation grades and fibrosis stages were evaluated histologically by biopsy. One-way analysis of variance and Spearman' s rank correlation test were used for statistical analysis. Receiver operating characteristics analysis was used to assess the performance of ADC in predicting the presence of stage ≥2 and stage ≥3 hepatic fibrosis, and grade ≥1 hepatic inflammation. Results There was moderate negative correlation between hepatic ADC values and fibrosis stage. And the best correlation was obtained for a b value of 800 s/mm2 (r = - 0. 697, P=0.000). At all b values there was a significant decrease in hepatic ADC in patients with stage ≤1versus stage ≥2 fibrosis and stage ≤2 versus stage ≥3 fibrosis (P <0. 05). Hepatic ADC was a significant predictor of stage ≥2 and ≥3 fibrosis. The areas under the curve were 0. 909 vs 0. 917, sensitivity 76. 6% vs 80. 0% and specificity 88. 3% vs 91.5% (ADC with a b value of 800 s/mm2, 1.26 × 10<'3> mm2/s or less and 1.19 × 10-3 mm2/s or less). There was weak to moderate negative correlation between ADCs and inflammation grade. Hepatic ADC was a significant predictor of grade ≥1 inflammation with an area under the curve of 0. 781, sensitivity of 60. 0% and specificity of 86. 4% (ADC with a b value of 500 s/mm2, 1.54 × 10-3 mm2/s or less). Conclusion The D WI measurement of hepatic ADC can be used to quantify liver fibrosis and inflammation. It will be a new approach for early diagnosis and therapeutic follow-up of hepatic fibrosis.     

磁共振弥散加权成像评价肝纤维化的临床病理对照研究

Objective To evaluate the clinical practical value of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements based on diffusion-weighted MR imaging (DWI) for quantification of liver fibrosis and inflammation for hepatitis viral infection.Methods Diffusion-weighted MRI with parallel imaging was prospectively performed on 85 patients with chronic hepatitis and on 22 healthy volunteers within a single breath-hold using a single-shot spin-echo echo-planar sequence at b values of 100, 300, 500,800 and 1000 s/mm2 respectively. ADC values of liver were measured with five different b values. The inflammation grades and fibrosis stages were evaluated histologically by biopsy. One-way analysis of variance and Spearman' s rank correlation test were used for statistical analysis. Receiver operating characteristics analysis was used to assess the performance of ADC in predicting the presence of stage ≥2 and stage ≥3 hepatic fibrosis, and grade ≥1 hepatic inflammation. Results There was moderate negative correlation between hepatic ADC values and fibrosis stage. And the best correlation was obtained for a b value of 800 s/mm2 (r = - 0. 697, P=0.000). At all b values there was a significant decrease in hepatic ADC in patients with stage ≤1versus stage ≥2 fibrosis and stage ≤2 versus stage ≥3 fibrosis (P <0. 05). Hepatic ADC was a significant predictor of stage ≥2 and ≥3 fibrosis. The areas under the curve were 0. 909 vs 0. 917, sensitivity 76. 6% vs 80. 0% and specificity 88. 3% vs 91.5% (ADC with a b value of 800 s/mm2, 1.26 × 10<'3> mm2/s or less and 1.19 × 10-3 mm2/s or less). There was weak to moderate negative correlation between ADCs and inflammation grade. Hepatic ADC was a significant predictor of grade ≥1 inflammation with an area under the curve of 0. 781, sensitivity of 60. 0% and specificity of 86. 4% (ADC with a b value of 500 s/mm2, 1.54 × 10-3 mm2/s or less). Conclusion The D WI measurement of hepatic ADC can be used to quantify liver fibrosis and inflammation. It will be a new approach for early diagnosis and therapeutic follow-up of hepatic fibrosis.     

门静脉、肝静脉和下腔静脉不同剂量造影剂慢速增强3D DCE MRA研究

比较使用不同剂量Ｇｄ－ＤＴＰＡ行慢速增强３ＤＤＣＥＭＲＡ成像时,ＰＶ,ＨＶ和ＩＶＣ的显示差异。材料与方法：４０名患者被随机分为两组,分别使用２０ｍｌ和３０ｍｌＧｄ－ＤＴＰＡ,造影剂注射速率相同,均为０．５ｍｌ／ｓ。结论当做ＰＶＨＶ和ＩＶＣ慢速增强３ＤＤＣＥＭＲＡ成像时,没有必要把造影剂剂量从２０ｍｌ增大到３０ｍｌ。     

心脏节段性室壁厚度变化在冠心病MRI诊断中的价值

探讨节段室壁厚度变化在冠心病诊断中的价值。材料与方法：分析３１例冠心病和１１例正常对照组的ＭＲ电影,判断ＭＲ电影对冠心病的检测率。结果：正常对照组心肌各室壁厚度变化一致,缺血和梗塞心肌节段室 壁壁厚度变化明显小于正常心肌。