脑弥漫性轴索损伤32例影像学诊断分析

目的　通过对脑弥漫性轴索损伤 (DAI)临床、CT及MRI的影像学表现的分析 ,以期提高对DAI的诊断水平。方法　分析有完整临床资料 ,同时进行过CT和MRI检查 ,特别是CT检查相对阴性的 32例DAI患者的影像学诊断结果。结果　 32例DAI患者CT检查相对阴性 ,MRI检查发现在胼胝体、基底节、脑干及灰白质交界处多发小的异常信号灶。结论　临床拟诊DAI的患者在CT检查相对阴性时可进行MRI检查 ,其MRI影像学表现有助于DAI的诊断     

巨大浆膜下子宫肌瘤的CT诊断及鉴别诊断

目的 探讨巨大浆膜下子宫肌瘤(huge subserous hysteromyoma,HSH)的螺旋CT表现及诊断价值,旨在提高术前诊断水平.方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实的12例患者HSH的螺旋CT特征,并与病理结果进行对照.结果 12例患者(共13个病灶)均在下腹部及盆腔内显示巨大肿块,突出于子宫轮廓外.13个病灶中,肿瘤最大直径范围为12～36 cm.CT表现为均匀实性肿块3个病灶,非均匀囊实性肿块10个病灶.增强扫描示肿块实性成分与子宫体强化程度基本一致,混杂密度区呈同心圆/漩涡状强化,囊性成分强化不明显.其中10个非均匀囊实性肿块中,玻璃样变性3例,黏液样变性4例,液化坏死囊性变2例,脂肪变性1例.结论 螺旋CT对巨大浆膜下子宫肌瘤的来源、其内不同性质的变性以及鉴别诊断具有较高的价值.     

食管癌分次放疗期间靶区不确定性初步研究

Objective To investigate the changes of target during fractionated radiotherapy for e-sophageal cancer, and to assess their impact on the implementation of radiotherapy. Methods Fourteen pa-tients with unresectable esophageal cancer were enrolled to receive full course conformal radiotherapy. CT scans were performed after every ten fractions. New targets (GTV) were delineated on repeated CT scans. Then the pretreatment radiotherapy plans were copied to the new targets to investigate the conformity between the new GTV and the plans. Results The majority of the GTVs decreased with the increasing fractions dur-ing radiotherapy. However, GTVs of 35.7% (5/14) patients increased by 2.0%-37.7% at the tenth frac-tion. The PTVs covered by 95% isodose curve at the time of pretreatment,tenth fraction,twentieth fraction and thirtieth fraction were 97.81%±1.53%, 91.95%±5.25%, 94.27%±4.23% and 94.03%±6.45%, respectively. Moreover, at tenth, twentieth and thirtieth fraction, there were 6,5, and 4 patients whose PTVs covered by 95% isodose curve were below 95%, respectively. Conclusions There are signifi-cant target changes during fractionated radiotherapy for esophageal cancer, which may result in uncertainties of radiotherapy implementation.     

螺旋CT双期增强扫描测定肾小球滤过率

目的 研究螺旋CT双期增强扫描测定肾小球滤过率(GFR)的方法及其准确性,评估UroCARE软件计算GFR的可靠性.方法 选择25例无急性肾功能障碍的成年患者,CT检查包括腹部平扫和双期增强扫描(动脉期、门静脉期),同时在动脉期前与两期之间各插入一组同层动态扫描.应用UroCARE软件计算GFR,以血清半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂C(Cystatin C)测定的GFR作为对照指标.结果 两种方法测定的GFR相关性良好,r=0.799,y=39.0977+0.6083x.结论 螺旋CT双期增强扫描并应用UroCARE软件可以较准确地测定GFR,具有一定的临床应用前景.     

鼻咽癌中国1992、2008分期和国际抗癌联盟2010分期标准的比较研究

目的 比较鼻咽癌中国1992、2008分期和国际抗癌联盟(UICC)2010分期标准之间的一致性,评价它们在预测鼻咽癌放疗疗效中的价值.方法 回顾分析2000-2005年间347例无远处转移的初治鼻咽癌患者临床资料,对每例患者分别用中国1992、2008和UICC2010分期标准进行T、N和临床分期.采用Kappa法分析3种分期标准间各期病例数分布的一致性.采用Kaplan-Meier法分别计算3种分期标准的5年总生存率、局部无复发和无远处转移生存率,并用Logrank检验其差异.结果 中国2008分期和UICC 2010分期标准之间的临床分期、T和N分期的病例构成比例的一致性均优于它们各自与1992分期之间的比较,Kappa值分别为0.700、0.881和0.722.3种分期标准下各临床分期的总生存曲线比较只发现Ⅲ与Ⅳ期间的不同,其中2008分期和UICC2010分期标准下Ⅲ与Ⅳ期间的不同(χ2=4.48,P=0.034和χ2=8.88,P=0.003),而1992分期则相似(χ2=0.40,P=0.526).3种分期标准的局部无复发生存率各T1与T2和T2与T3及T3与T4期间的比较均相似(χ2=1.85、0.53、0.50,P=0.174、0.467、0.479和χ2=1.25、2.10、1.99,P=0.264、0.148、0.159及χ2=0.77、0.60、0.87,P=0.381、0.441、0.350).在3种分期标准的各期无远处转移生存率中,1992分期标准的N0与N1、N1与N2、N2与N3间均相似(χ2=3.71、3.11、2.01,P=0.054、0.078、0.156),2008分期标准的N1与N2、N2与N3间不同(χ2=10.49、5.06,P=0.001、0.024);UICC 2010分期标准中仅N1与N2间不同(χ2=7.73,P=0.005).结论 中国2008分期和UICC2010分期标准对鼻咽癌放疗疗效的预测价值相近,且均优于1992分期.

Abstract：

Objective To compare the agreement among Chinese 1992, 2008 and UICC 2010 staging systems of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and evaluate their predictive value of radiotherapeutic prognosis.Methods 347 NPC patients without distant metastasis treated in our hospital from 2000 to 2005 were retrospectively analyzed.Every patient was categorized into T, N, and clinical stage by Chinese 1992, 2008 and UICC 2010 staging systems, respectively.Kappa value was used to evaluate the agreement among three systems.Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the 5-year overall survival (OS), local-free survival (LFS) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), the difference between subgroup was tested by Logrank.Results The agreement of clinical stage, T and N stage between Chinese 2008 and UICC 2010 staging system was better than that of them compared to 1992 staging system, Kappa value were 0.700、0.881 and 0.722.The agreement of T stage was better than N and clinical stage among these three staging system.The difference of OS between stageⅢ and stage Ⅳ was significant in Chinese 2008 and UICC 2010 staging system (χ2=4.48,P=0.034;χ2=8.88,P=0.003), and with no different in 1992 staging system (χ2=0.40,P=0.526).There was no significant difference of LFS between T1 and T2,T2 and T3,T3 and T4 in all staging systems (χ2=1.85,0.53,0.50,P=0.174,0.467,0.479;χ2=1.25,2.10,1.99,P=0.264,0.148,0.159;χ2=0.77,0.60,0.87, P=0.381,0.441,0.350).There were no significant differencesin 1992 staging system, while there was significant differences of DMFS between N1 and N2, N2 and N3 in 2008 stage system, N1 and N2 in UICC 2010 stage system.Conclusions The predictive value of Chinese 2008 and UICC 2010 staging system for prognosis were similar, and were better than that of 1992 staging system in NPC.     

髌股关节CT测量参数的比较

目的探讨7个反映髌股关节排列关系参数的叠加法测量和单层法测量可信度.方法 15名前膝疼痛患者的30个膝关节,在屈膝0°和30°股肌松弛状态下,分别用CT图像叠加法和单层法测量髌股关节紊乱的7个参数,测量采用盲法重复,并应用组内相关系数(ICC)评价测量可重复性. 结果在屈膝0°和30°叠加测量法和单层测量法的外侧髌骨角(LPA)、髌骨倾斜角(PTA),以及叠加法的适合角(CA)、股骨滑车角(FTA)具有高可信度(ICC>0.9),单层法的CA在屈膝30°下可信度高(ICC>0.9).结论 CT图像叠加法测量LPA、PTA、CA、FTA有好的可重复性.     

冠状动脉CT成像钙化积分扫描噪声与增强扫描噪声的相关性分析

目的：分析冠状动脉CT血管成像（CCTA）中对比增强前后图像噪声值的关系,探讨一种预测CTCA图像噪声的方法,从而为实施个体化剂量管理提供依据。方法：回顾性分析固定各扫描序列曝光参数的82例64层螺旋CT回顾性门控冠状动脉CTA的图像资料,研究钙化积分扫描（CACS）图像噪声（SD1）与对比增强扫描图像噪声（SD2）之间的线性相关性,以及体重指数（BMI）与对比增强扫描图像噪声（SD2）之间的线性相关性,并拟合出直线方程。结果：SD1与SD2之间直线相关系数r=0.94（P〈0.0001）,线性方程为SD2=1.29624×SD1＋1.20457;BMI与SD2之间的直线相关系数r=0.80（P〈0.0001）,线性方程为SD2=1.56067×BMI-10.76970。结论：在CTA各序列的曝光参数不变的情况下,对比增强前后图像噪声值之间存在高度线性相关性。钙化积分扫描噪声比体重指数能更精确地预测增强扫描图像的噪声,从而使基于钙化积分扫描噪声的个体化剂量控制成为可能。     

食管癌分次放疗期间靶区不确定性初步研究

Objective To investigate the changes of target during fractionated radiotherapy for e-sophageal cancer, and to assess their impact on the implementation of radiotherapy. Methods Fourteen pa-tients with unresectable esophageal cancer were enrolled to receive full course conformal radiotherapy. CT scans were performed after every ten fractions. New targets (GTV) were delineated on repeated CT scans. Then the pretreatment radiotherapy plans were copied to the new targets to investigate the conformity between the new GTV and the plans. Results The majority of the GTVs decreased with the increasing fractions dur-ing radiotherapy. However, GTVs of 35.7% (5/14) patients increased by 2.0%-37.7% at the tenth frac-tion. The PTVs covered by 95% isodose curve at the time of pretreatment,tenth fraction,twentieth fraction and thirtieth fraction were 97.81%±1.53%, 91.95%±5.25%, 94.27%±4.23% and 94.03%±6.45%, respectively. Moreover, at tenth, twentieth and thirtieth fraction, there were 6,5, and 4 patients whose PTVs covered by 95% isodose curve were below 95%, respectively. Conclusions There are signifi-cant target changes during fractionated radiotherapy for esophageal cancer, which may result in uncertainties of radiotherapy implementation.     

胃癌的CT诊断

目的：探讨ＣＴ对胃癌的诊断价值。方法：对经手术和病理证实的胃癌４２ 例进行回顾性分析,对比、评估胃癌的ＣＴ检查方法与纤维胃镜和ＧＩ。结果：胃癌ＣＴ诊断正确率接近ＧＩ。结论：检查前的胃肠道准备工作对胃癌的ＣＴ诊断很重要,ＣＴ在显示胃癌病灶以及周围器官的浸润优于纤维胃镜和ＧＩ检查。     

螺旋CT双期增强扫描测定肾小球滤过率的标准化方案探讨

MSCT多期增强扫描测定肾小球滤过率(glomerularfiltration rate,GFR)可以在显示肾脏精细解剖的同时,提供单侧肾脏甚至肾脏局部区域的功能情况,而不必额外注射对比剂,是目前肾脏功能影像学的一个研究方面~([1-3]).本研究通过对30例患者应用改良后的MSCT双期增强扫描标准化方案,评价其测定GFR的可行性和准确性,以及自动测量软件的可靠性.