Chronic hepatitis B in children with or without malignancies:A 13-year follow-up

AIM:To evaluate the outcome of chronic hepatitis B(CHB)in children with or without malignancies.METHODS:Twenty four children(15 boys and 9 girls)with malignancies,followed up by the pediatric gastroenterology outpatient clinic for CHB between January 2000 and December 2013,were enrolled in the study(Group 1).Group 2 was formed with twenty five children(11 girls and14 boys)diagnosed with CHB without malignancies.The data from the patients’records were compared between the two groups.RESULTS:Hepatitis B e antigen(HBe Ag)/anti HBe seroconversion was observed in 3 patients(12.5%)in group 1 and 15 patients(60%)in group 2,with annual seroconversion rates of 1.61%and 16.6%,respectively,and the difference was significant(P0.01).One patient(6.6%)in Group 1 and 9 patients(53%)in Group 2 showed HBe Ag/anti HBe seroconversion after treatment and the difference between the two groups was significant(P0.06)Loss of hepatitis B surface antigen was observed in one patient in each of group1 and 2.No clinical,laboratory and imaging findings of liver disease were observed in any of the patients at the end of the study.CONCLUSION:HBe Ag/anti HBe seroconversion rate was lower in patients who had recovered from cancer.     

三踝骨折36例手术治疗体会

三踝骨折是一种严重复杂的关节损伤，主要由联合外力所致，以青壮年多见，约占全身骨折的3.92%[1]。三踝骨折属关节内骨折，又称Cotton骨折，常同时伴有周围的韧带损伤。三踝骨折需解剖复位和牢固的内固定治疗，以促进踝关节功能的恢复，如处理不当，易发生创伤性关节炎，导致踝关节功能明显障碍，从而影响患者的生活质量。本研究回顾分析了我院2012年1月-2013年8月经手术治疗且获得随访、疗效满意的36例三踝骨折患者的临床资料，总结分析如下。     

Brain size and urbanization in birds

Background: Brain size may affect the probability of invasion of urban habitats if a relatively larger brain entails superior ability to adapt to novel environments. However, once urbanized urban environments may provide poor quality food that has negative consequences for normal brain development resulting in an excess of individuals with small brains.Methods: Here we analyze the independent effects of mean, standard deviation and skewness in brain mass for invasion of urban habitats by 108 species of birds using phylogenetic multiple regression analyses weighted by sample size.Results: There was no significant difference in mean brain mass between urbanized and non-urbanized species or between urban and rural populations of the same species, and mean brain mass was not significantly correlated with time since urbanization. Bird species that became urbanized had a greater standard deviation in brain mass than non-urbanized species, and the standard deviation in brain mass increased with time since urbanization. Brain mass was significantly left skewed in species that remained rural, while there was no significant skew in urbanized species. The degree of left skew was greater in urban than in rural populations of the same species, and successfully urbanized species decreased the degree of left skew with time since urbanization. This is consistent with the hypothesis that sub-optimal brain development was more common in rural habitats resulting in disproportionately many individuals with very smal brains.Conclusions: These findings do not support the hypothesis that large brains promote urbanization, but suggest that skewness has played a role in the initial invasion of urban habitats, and that variance and skew in brain mass have increased as species have become urbanized.     

中医药领域研究报告规范特征分析

目的?分析国内外期刊发表的中医药领域研究报告规范的特征，为中医药研究报告规范的科学制定和应用提供参考。方法?检索CNKI、Wanfang Data、SinoMed、VIP、PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library数据库和EQUATOR协作网，收集中医药领域研究的报告规范清单/指南。2名研究者独立筛选文献，提取相关资料，并应用频次、频率对报告规范特征进行描述性分析。结果?共纳入中医药研究报告规范16部（含双语发布3部），发表时间在2010—2020年；发表在15种期刊上，SCI期刊收录11部（68.8%），中文核心期刊收录3部（18.8%）；制定小组成员涉及9个方向，前5位分别是临床医师（87.5%）、方法学专家（81.3%）、流行病学专家（50.0%）、编辑（43.8%）、统计学专家（31.3%）；12部（75.0%）报告规范通过专家共识流程制定，其中6部（50%）采用德尔菲法，1部（8.3%）选用名义群体法；涉及5个中医药研究领域，其中临床研究的报告规范有6部（37.5%），临床实践指南/共识的报告规范5部（31.3%），系统评价/Meta分析的报告规范3部（18.8%）；9部（56.3%）报告规范在 EQUATOR 协作网上注册；6部（37.5%）为国际合作完成；13部（81.3%）报告规范在原始版基础上进行拓展，使其适用于中医药研究；12部（75.0%）报告规范说明了资助基金来源；9部（56.3%）报告规范说明了利益冲突；纳入的报告规范条目数为7~40条。结论?中医药研究报告规范数量逐步增加，但涉及的领域尚欠广泛，在注册、国际合作、双语或多语种发布等方面仍需加强。     

输尿管镜下 U－100激光碎石术治疗婴幼儿输尿管结石

目的：探讨输尿管镜联合 U －100激光碎石治疗婴幼儿输尿管结石的可行性和临床效果。方法回顾性分析2012年6月至2014年8月采用经尿道输尿管镜U－100激光碎石术治疗57例64侧婴幼儿输尿管结石的临床资料。男39例,女18例,年龄6～36个月,平均（11±6）个月,婴儿24例,幼儿33例。输尿管中下段结石26例,输尿管上段结石15例,输尿管结石并肾结石7例,双侧输尿管结石9例,结石直径9～24 mm,平均（14±1．9） mm。结果Ⅰ期输尿管镜成功碎石41例46侧,12例逆行置入输尿管支架管引流Ⅱ期手术,双侧置管4例,单侧置管8例,4例改行经皮肾镜取石术。平均手术时间（46±8）min,平均住院时间（9．2±1．6） d,1例术中出现输尿管上段穿孔,5例（8．7％）术后发热（≥38．5℃）。术后留置双 J管4周,拔管前复查泌尿系B超或KUB,一期结石清除率84．2％（48／57）。57例随访3～26个月,平均18个月,未见输尿管狭窄、结石复发。结论对于输尿管镜技术成熟的医院,选择合适的输尿管镜,联合 U －100激光碎石处理婴幼儿输尿管结石安全可行,疗效好。     

Evolution of Mobility Function in Chinese Elders during the 6 Months of Nutritional Supplementation and Age-adapted Physical Activities: A Feasibility Study

Knee pain and discomfort appear at the early stages of normal aging, which lead to impaired mobility and reduced quality of life (QOL). Among age-related conditions, osteoarthritis (OA) is considered the most significant cause of disability. The acceleration of the aging process in China has troubled the middle-aged and elderly with a relatively high prevalence of OA, as recently reported in a meta-analysis pooling and analyzing epidemiological publications on OA in the middle-aged and elderly Chinese published from 2000 to 2018[1].     

Biomechanics of the mandible and growth extension

Background and objective

One way of determining the direction of growth of the mandible is to consider the temporomandibular joint and movement of the mandible as a four-joint gear system, regarding growth then as an extension of the gear system. Our aim was to examine any correlations between the type of biomechanical growth extension and change in the maxilomandibular relation after Class?II therapy.

Subjects and methods

A total of 130?lateral cephalograms??before and after orthodontic treatment??were available from 65?adolescent class?II patients with open bite or deep bite. The two lateral cephalograms from each patient were superimposed on the occlusal plane. Cephalometric values and the vertical base point deviation were determined from biomechanical analyses, together with three distances and three angles.

Results

No correlation between the cephalometric data and distances or angles were observed. Although there were no significant differences in the distances, we did note significant differences in all three angles (p?Conclusion If gear system extension during growth is considered, this can be interpreted as meaning that the occlusal plane of those patients with an initially open bite dropped during treatment, but that it rose in patients with an initially deep bite.     

腰痹康颗粒联合骨化三醇治疗脊柱脆性骨折经皮椎体成形术后的疗效分析

目的观察腰痹康颗粒联合骨化三醇治疗脊柱脆性骨折经皮椎体成形术后(percutaneous vertebroplasty,PVP)的临床疗效。方法依据纳入标准筛选90例脊柱脆性骨折患者,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组各45例。观察组术后口服腰痹康颗粒和骨化三醇,对照组常予以骨化三醇口服,对比术前、术后3 d、4周各组VAS评分、下腰痛功能障碍ODI评分、骨代谢指标包括骨钙素(OC)、I型原胶原N端前肽(PINP)和Ⅰ型胶原C端肽β降解产物(β-CTX)。结果术后3 d、术后4周VAS/ODI评分,观察组明显低于对照组,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者治疗后4周血清β-CTX含量明显降低,OC、PINP含量明显升高,且观察组的变化比对照组更显著,二组之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论腰痹康颗粒联合骨化三醇对缓解PVP术后残留腰背疼痛疗效显著,能够改善腰椎活动功能和骨代谢相关指标。