基于跨理论模型动机访谈改善老年高血压患者自我效能及疗效的研究*

目的探讨基于跨理论模型(TTM)动机访谈(MI)改善老年高血压患者自我效能及疗效。方法将286例60～75岁社区老年高血压患者随机分为对照组和观察组,每组各143例,对照组给予社区分层分级管理干预,观察组在社区分层分级管理的基础上开展基于跨理论模型动机访谈干预,两组干预时间均为18个月。干预前后分别测评自我效能、自我管理、血脂水平、血压治疗及控制情况和生存质量,采用t检验和χ2检验比较两组自我效能、自我管理、血脂水平、血压治疗及控制情况和生存质量。结果干预前,两组自我效能、自我管理、血脂水平、血压治疗及控制情况和生存质量之间差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);干预18个月后,观察组自我效能、自我管理、高密度脂蛋白、血压治疗及控制情况和生存质量较对照组均有显著改善(P0.05)。结论基于TTM的动机访谈是有效的认知、行为改变技术,有助于提高患者自我效能和自我管理水平,改善高密度脂蛋白、血压治疗及控制情况和生存质量,值得在社区推广应用。     

低铅暴露对学龄前儿童神经行为的影响

背景：环境铅污染日趋严重，铅致中枢神经系统发育的毒性较为突出。 目的：观察低血铅水平对学龄前儿童神经行为的影响，为预防儿童行为问题提供依据。 设计：抽样调查。 单位：中山大学公共卫生学院儿少卫生教研室。 对象：于2004—09／10随机整群抽取珠海市某居民区幼儿园211名4～6岁儿童为研究对象，其中男109名，女102名。 方法：采指端末梢血20μL，原子吸收石墨炉法测定血铅，以血铅水平100μg／L为界，分为高血铅组（〉100μg／L），低血铅组（〈100μg／L），又以不同血铅水平再分为〈50μg／L组、50μg／L～组、100μg／L～组、150μg／L组、250μg／L～组。采用Achenbach儿童行为量表和自拟调查表（包括可能影响儿童神经行为的因素，如年龄、性别、抚养方式和家庭文化背景等）进行问卷调查，在专业人员指导下，由家长填写。结果与血铅值进行简单相关和多元逐步回归分析。 主要观察指标：①血铅水平和Achenbach儿童行为量表各因子分。②血铅值与行为因子分相关分析。 结果：发放问卷211份，回收211份，有效211份，有效率100％。①高血铅组外向行为得分及行为异常率（13．28&;#177;6．26，18．26％）显著高于低血铅组（9．98&;#177;5．46，7．29％）（t=4．0677，X^2=5．470，P〈0．05），Achenbach儿童行为量表内向得分及总分两组差异无显著性意义。②不同组别血铅水平行为异常率差异有显著性（X^2=13．695，P〈0．01），进一步两两比较，血铅≥150μg／L行为异常率显著高于前3组（X^2分别为4．727，6．261，5．168；4．503，5．911,4．928，P均〈0．05），表明血铅≥150μg／L时，儿童行为异常率显著增多。③血铅对数值与多动、攻击、违纪因子分显著正相关（r=0．3164，0．2828,0．1886，P〈0．05）。与肥胖、分裂、残忍、性问卷无相关性（r=0．1024，0．0942，0．1183，0．0926，P〉0．05）。④经逐步回归分析，多动、攻击及违纪因子分列入回归方程，这表明在控制家庭，社会等混杂因素后，铅对儿童外向行为的影响依然存在，有统计学意义。结论：低水平铅暴露对幼儿外向行为具有负性影响。     

凝血四项和血脂检测对评估绝经后2型糖尿病患者血管病变的临床意义*

目的探讨女性绝经后2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者凝血功能和血脂水平的变化及其与血管并发症的关系。方法分别检测(T2DM)组(n=205)和对照组(n=105)血浆凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血酶原时间(APTT)、凝血酶时间(TT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-c)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-c)和甘油三酯(TG)。结果 (1)T2DM组与对照组比较,无血管病变者PT、APTT显著下降(t=2.139、1.982,P0.05),FIB显著上升(t=2.138,P0.05);伴血管病变组PT、APTT和TT均显著下降(t=8.554、6.263和4.852,P0.01),FIB水平显著上升(t=3.537,P0.01)。(2)T2DM组与对照组比较,无血管病变和伴血管病变组TG、TC和LDL-C均显著升高(t=2.226、2.096和2.223,P0.05;t=4.940、3.055和3.106,P0.01),T2DM组组内比较,6.256,P0.05)。结论分析凝血四项和血脂水平对把握病情、诊断血管病变、指导治疗及预防糖尿病并发症有重要意义,故应尽早实施监测。     

系统性红斑狼疮误诊为恶性肿瘤等病1例分析

对以淋巴结肿大为首发症状的系统性红斑狼疮误诊为恶性肿瘤等病1例分析如下。 1病历摘要 女，39岁。以腋下淋巴结肿大3个月，伴发热1个月于2007—12—26入院。患者于3个月前无意发现左腋窝处有一约花生米样肿大淋巴结，2周后淋巴结较前明显增大，因有恶性畸胎瘤手术史，拟诊肿瘤转移。X线胸片、胸部CT未发现异常，穿刺活检未发现异常细胞，以淋巴结炎给予抗炎治疗1周无效，淋巴结进一步增大，     

诺仕帕控制结肠镜检查腹痛的临床研究

结肠镜检查通常应用阿托品或山莨菪硷（６５４－２）作术前用药，部分患者术中发生肠痉挛、腹部胀痛，甚至因难以忍受而被迫中止检查．为提高结肠镜检查成功率，作者等开展诺仕帕控制结肠镜检查腹痛的临床研究．１　临床资料随机研究的下列３组患者均因不明原因腹痛、腹泻、便血而行结肠镜检查．Ⅰ组（诺仕帕组）３５例，其中男２０例，女１５例，平均年龄５１－２岁．Ⅱ组（诺仕帕补充组）３５例，男２２例，女１３例，平均年龄４８－８岁．Ⅲ组（６５４－２组）３６例，男２０例，女１６例，平均年龄５２－１岁．Ⅰ组结肠镜检查术前１５ｍ…     

妇科盆腔肿块86例误诊的分析

本文分析86例妇科盆腔肿块误诊的原因及鉴别诊断。本科误诊83例,误诊率占同期盆腔肿块的4.05%,其中27例(32.53%)误诊是可避免的。文中并探讨了如何进一步提高妇科盆腔肿块的正确诊断率。     

感冒、糖尿病患者慎开车

平平安安回家，欢欢喜喜过年，这是我们对大家的良好祝愿。又到春节了，许多朋友可能要开车回家团圆，也少不了开车去与亲朋好友相会。酒后不能驾车，这道理大家都知道。那么，有个头痛脑热的人能不能开车呢?下面这篇文章就是要告诉大家——     

劳务女工孕期血铅水平与血压相关性研究

目的 探讨劳务女工孕期血铅水平与其血压的关系,为改善围生期工作,促进孕妇健康提供参考.方法 对2008年3月至2009年11月在深圳市宝安区妇幼保健院产前门诊建卡的劳务女工孕妇进行问卷调查、血压及血微量元素浓度测定.随机选取其中897例资料完整并在深圳居住满2年者作为研究对象,采用简相关和回归方法评价血铅与血压的关系.结果 孕妇血铅均值为(45±23)μg/L;家族史、体质量指数(BMI)、血铅浓度对血压升高有预测作用;在血铅56 μg/L分界点时,两组舒张压比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);高铅组(血铅浓度≥100 μg/L)收缩压、舒张压均显著高于低铅组(P＜0.05).结论 低铅暴露是致孕妇血压升高的危险因素之一,铅对血压的影响以舒张压更为敏感. Abstract： Objective To observe the degree of blood lead in pregant women and the influence of different levels of blood lead on blood pressure under environmental lead exposure, in order to previde basic evidences for taking the further measures. Methods A quesionnaire survey was administed, blood pressure and the serum of microelements were tested for the pregnant women who took the prenatal examinationin the Maternal and Child Care Service Centre of Baoan between March 2008 and November 2009, gathered 897 pregnant women whose materials were complete and stayed in Shenzhen more than one year as the study objects. Compare the differences between groups distributed by quartileand carried out the pair matching study. Correlation, stepwise regression analysis and T test were usedto statistic. Results The average of blood lead was (45±23)μg/L;The Bivriate correlations showed the association between blood lead and blood pressure was positive. Stepwise regression analysis indicated family history, BMI,blood lead were predictors of increasing blood pressure. After excluding the confounding factors, on the 56 μg/L the diastolic pressure(DBP) with statistical significance (P＜0.05);Blood pressure of case group was higher than that of control group with significant difference (P＜0.05). Blood calcium of case group was lower than that of control group without statistical significance (P＞0.05). Conclusions The results indicate the degree of blood lead of pregnant women in Shenzhen is low. Environmental lead exposure is one of the dangerous factors of increasing blood pressure .DBP is more sensitive to lead.     

胰腺肿瘤伴血糖异常对肿瘤标志物的影响

目的 探讨血糖异常对胰腺肿瘤标志物在胰腺疾病诊断中的影响作用及其临床应用价值.方法 以59例胰腺恶性肿瘤为研究对象,其中包括46例胰腺癌、13例胰腺其他恶性肿瘤,以27例良性疾病患者为对照,采集肿瘤患者术前静脉血,常规离心分离血清进行检测.利用美国雅培公司酶免发光分析仪器及配套试剂进行检测,诊断标准以CA199＞37 kU/L、CA 125＞35 kU/L、癌胚抗原(CEA)＞10 μg/L为阳性.结果 (1)单项检测指标以CA199诊断准确性最高,两两联合检测以CA199+CEA准确性最高,优于单项检测和三者联合,且经x2检验差异具有统计学意义(x2=26.131,P＜0.05).三者联合诊断胰腺肿瘤,只会增加医疗费用,并不能提高诊断的准确性.(2)胰腺肿瘤组各指标平均秩次均高于胰腺良性疾病组,2组之间非参数检验结果如下:CA199(Z=4.682,P=0.000)、CA125(Z=1.866,P=0.062)、CEA(Z=2.573,P=0.010);提示对于鉴别胰腺良恶性疾病,CA199、CEA等指标差异有统计学意义(Z=3.232,P＜0.05;Z=2.573,P=0.010).(3)胰腺肿瘤患者中,血糖异常组与血糖正常组相比,非参数检验结果为CA199(Z=2.265,P=0.024)、CA125(Z=0.736,P=0.462)、CEA(Z=1.536,P=0.125),血糖异常只对CA199影响,差异有统计学意义(Z=2.265,P＜0.05).而在胰腺良性疾病组患者中,差异均无统计学意义(分别为Z=4.214,P＞0.05;Z=3.224,P＞0.05;Z=3.154,P＞0.05).结论 对于胰腺肿瘤的诊断,三种肿瘤指标联合诊断,并不能提高诊断的准确性,只会增加医疗费用;以CA199+CEA联合检测准确性最高;单项检测指标以CA199诊断准确性最高.CA199在对伴有血糖异常的胰腺良恶性疾病的鉴别时,须考虑血糖的影响作用,通过ROC曲线设置不同的CA199调定点,有望达到更优的诊断效能.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effect of pathoglycemia on the tumor biomarker expression in pancreatic tumor and assess its influence on the diagnostic value of these biomarkers.Methods We recruited 59 patients with malignant pancreatic tumor in total into this study,including 46 cases with pancreatic carcinoma and 13 cases with other pancreatic malignancies.Twenty-seven patients with benign pancreatic diseases were selected as control.All subjects were extracted venous blood and serum samples were separated by centrifugation.Serum levels of CA199,CA125 and CEA were measured by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay(CMIA).The positive expression criteria were designated as ＞37 kU/L for CA199;＞35 kU/L for CA125;＞10 μg/L for CEA.Results (1) CA199 showed the highest diagnostic accuracy when the tumor biomarker was used alone.CA199 plus CEA showed the highest diagnostic accuracy when the biomarkers were used pairwisely,even better than three biomarkers used in combination(x2=26.131,P＜0.05).(2)The average rank of all tumor biomarkers were higher in all malignant pancreatic tumor than benign pancreatic diseases,and some of the differences reached statistically significance(CA199,Z=4.682,P=0.000;CA125,Z=1.866,P=0.062;CEA,Z=2.573,P=0.010).(3)When the malignant pancreatic tumor group were further divided into two groups according to their blood sugar level,we found that CA199 were significantly higher in pathoglycemia group than euglycemia group(Z=2.265,P=0.024),while no significant differences were observed in patients with benign pancreatic diseases when compared between patients with different blood sugar levels(Z=4.214,3.224,3.154,Ps＞0.05).Conclusion The combination use of three tumor biomarkers showed no improvements in the diagnosis of pancreatic neoplasm,but with disadvantage of elevated medical expense.CA199 showed the highest diagnostic accuracy when used alone.CA199 plus CEA showed the highest diagnostic accuracy when the biomarkers were used pairwisely.The blood sugar level should be considered when using CA199 in the differential diagnosis of pancreatic neoplasm from benign pancreatic lesions;a new set-point of CA199 should be set by studying the ROC curve and other statistic index to improve the overall accuracy.