Postoperative pain in root canal treatment with ultrasonic versus conventional irrigation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Clinical Oral Investigations - The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis (SRM) was to answer the question whether the use of ultrasonic irrigation (UI) results in less postoperative...     

Trends in Cervical Cancer Mortality in Brazilian Women who are Screened and Not Screened

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the trend in cervical cancer (ICD C53) mortality in Brazilian regions in women who are who are screened and not screened from 1996 to 2015. Methods: An epidemiological study, of time series of mortality from cervical cancer performed in 90,856 women under 24 years old (343 women), between 25 and 64 years old (32,703 women), and over 65 years old (10,909 women). The data from this research were collected from the DATASUS, from the SIM Health Surveillance Secretariat files, captured through TABNET selecting the resident population by gender and age group and ICD 10 C53 from 1996 to 2015. Results: Among women, 43.8% were white, and 76% had less than eight years of formal education. Polynomial regression showed an increasing trend in cervical cancer mortality in Brazil for women aged 15 - 24 years (p=0.01). Between 25 - 64 and 65 years or older it remained constant, but high (p=0.07; 0.99). The Northeast region pointed a growing trend in women aged 15 to 24 (p=0.01), 25 to 64 years (p=0.01) and 65 or older (p=0.001). The Northeast presented the highest average growth per year. In the Southeast, South and Midwest regions, decreasing trends were observed despite the high rates. The Joinpoint regression showed a 95% confidence interval, and that mortality from cervical cancer in the North region increased throughout the period analyzed. an increasing trend was observed from 1996 to 1998, whereas in the Midwest region, the trend remained stable throughout the period analyzed. The Federal District presented an upward trend from 1996 to 2015. In Brazil, an upward trend was observed throughout the whole period analyzed. Conclusions: Cervical cancer mortality in younger women is becoming more predominant, in addition to the high rate observed for women aged 65 or older.     

Emerging and Traditional Organic Markers in Areas with Multiple Anthropogenic Activities: Development of an Analytical Protocol and Its Application in Environmental Assessment Studies

Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology - This work describes the development of an analytical protocol combining cleanup by liquid–solid extraction and GC–MS for the...     

Talon cusp in the temporary dentition of a patient with Kabuki syndrome: Case report with a two‐year follow‐up

The presence of dental abnormalities in the same individual may be related to syndromic cases and occur through associated systemic changes. Kabuki syndrome presents well‐defined systemic changes, but its clinical characteristics related to the oral cavity have not been fully explained. This study aimed to report the dental changes in a child diagnosed with Kabuki syndrome. A male brown patient aged 2 years and 7 months, accompanied by his mother to the dental visit, they main complaint was the presented of an additional tooth behind upper right central incisor. Anamnesis, intra‐ and extraoral examinations, and dental X‐rays were performed, revealing a talon cusp. Considering the dental clinical findings, the patient was referred to a medical geneticist who additionally requested cardiological and genetic examinations, which established the Kabuki syndrome. The caregivers were advised that the talon cusp would not cause any injury to the natural exfoliation of the tooth and that oral hygiene should be performed carefully. Abnormalities in the oral cavity and developmental delay may be associated with a potential undiagnosed syndrome. The medical evaluation becomes decisive for investigation, diagnosis, and final conduct of the case.     

Facial expression recognition in Alzheimer’s disease: A systematic review

Introduction: It is well established that behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia can impair social and emotional function. However, there is no consensus regarding how Alzheimer’s disease can affect facial expression recognition. We aim to systematically review all the literature addressing this issue over the last 10 years.

Method: We conducted a search based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The search for literature was undertaken on 19 September 2017, using Pubmed, SciELO, BIREME, and Thomson Reuters Web of Science electronic databases. The key terms for the search were: Alzheimer’s disease, dementia, and facial expression recognition.

Results: We screened 173 articles, and 22 of them were selected. The most common methodology involved showing participants photographs of people expressing the six basic emotions—fear, anger, sadness, disgust, surprise, and happiness. Results were ambiguous. Among people with mild Alzheimer’s disease, happiness was easier to recognize than the other five basic emotions, with sadness and anger the most difficult to recognize. In addition, the intensity level of the emotions presented seems to be important, and facial expression recognition is related to specific cognitive capacities, including executive function and visuoperceptual abilities. Impairment in facial expression recognition does not appear to be a consistent neuropsychological finding in Alzheimer’s disease.

Conclusions: The lack of standardized assessment instruments and the heterogeneity of the methods and samples used across studies hamper comparisons. Future researches should investigate facial expression recognition through more ecological and standardized methods.     

Associations between anthropometric indicators in early life and low-grade inflammation,insulin resistance and lipid profile in adolescence

Background and aimsThe long-term relations between excessive adiposity in early childhood and unfavourable cardiometabolic profiles in later ages are not yet completely understood. We aimed to assess the associations between birth weight (BW) and BMI from 6 months to 6 years of age, with biomarkers indicative of low-grade inflammation, insulin resistance and lipid profiles in adolescence.Methods and resultsRetrospective school-based study with 415 Portuguese adolescents (220 girls), mean age of 14.08 ± 1.6 years old. Anthropometric data from birth to 6 years old was extracted from individual child health book records. Actual weight and height were measured and BMI calculated. Participants were classified at each time point as normal weight or overweight according to WHO reference values. Biomarkers were obtained from venous blood samples. Linear regressions were used to explore the associations between the biomarkers and early life anthropometric indicators. From 2 years onwards, BMI associated positively with the inflammatory score and HOMA-IR in adolescence. Children who were overweight/obese from 2 to 6 years of age presented significantly higher inflammatory score and HOMA-IR later in adolescence. TC/HDL ratio was also positively associated with BMI from the age of 5 years onwards. The associations between BMI and cardiometabolic outcomes remained positive in adolescence, with overweight adolescents presenting a higher inflammatory score, HOMA-IR and TC/HDL than normal weight adolescents.ConclusionA high BMI from an early age was consistently associated with worse inflammatory and lipid profiles and insulin resistance in adolescence. No associations were found between BW and the same studied outcomes.