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1.

Background/Objectives

The Trail‐Making Test (TMT), which is commonly used to measure executive function, consists of two components (TMT‐A and TMTB). There is a lack of normative TMT data for Chinese elderly adults. This study aimed to evaluate the validity of the TMT in screening for cognitive impairment.

Design

2,294 Chinese‐speaking adults aged 50 to 85: 1,026 with normal cognition (NC), 462 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 108 with Alzheimer's disease (AD), 113 with vascular mild cognitive impairment (VaMCI), 121 with vascular dementia (VaD), 282 with uncertain types of dementia, and 15 with mixed dementia. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to test the ability of TMT scores to differentiate between NC and cognitive impairment.

Results

Age, education, and sex were significantly associated with TMT completion time. The TMT‐A exhibited sensitivity of 77.8% and specificity of 92.0% with cut‐off value of 98.5 seconds for discriminating AD from NC. The TMT‐B had sensitivity of 83.3% and specificity of 91.8% with a cut‐off value of 188.5 seconds for discriminating AD from NC. The TMT‐A had sensitivity of 85.7% and specificity of 81.6% for discriminating NC from VaD with a cut‐off value of 77.5 seconds, and the TMT‐s had sensitivity of 81.6% and specificity of 83.9% with a cut‐off value of 147.5 seconds. The TMT had less sensitivity distinguishing MCI from NC.

Conclusion

The Chinese version of the TMT is reliable for detecting AD or VaD but poor at distinguishing MCI from NC.  相似文献   
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In recent years, cutaneous epithelial stem cells have attained a genuine celebrity status. They are considered the key resource for epidermal and skin appendage regeneration, and are proposed as a preferential target of cutaneous gene therapy. Follicular epithelial stem cells may also give rise to a large variety of epithelial tumors, and cutaneous epithelial stem cells likely are crucial targets for physical or chemical agents (including carcinogens) that damage the skin and its appendages. However, as this Controversies feature illustrates, few experts can agree on how exactly to define and identify these elusive cells, or on where precisely in the skin they are localized. Given their potential importance in skin biology, pathology and future dermatological therapy, it is, therefore, timely to carefully reconsider the basic questions: What exactly is a stem cell, and how can we reliably identify epithelial stem cells? How many different kinds are there, and how do they differ functionally? Where exactly in the skin epithelium is each of the putative stem cell subpopulations located, and can we selectively manipulate any of them?  相似文献   
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目的 评价安理申对Alzheimer病(AD)痴呆的临床疗效及其安全性。方法 AD患者20例,安理申5mg/日,每晚一次单剂量治疗,持续12周,自身对照。治疗开始、6周、12周分别进行简易智能状态检查(MMSE)、临床痴呆评定量表(CDR)、日常活动能力量表(ADL)和有关实验室检查。结果 18例患者完成观察,治疗6周后MMSE和ADL评分较治疗前明显改善(P<0.05),并维持至实验结束。治疗12周后,CDR总体功能评定明显改善(P<0.05)。实验室检查无肝肾功能等异常。结论 安理申是目前治疗老年性痴呆比较安全有效的一种药物。  相似文献   
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BACKGROUND: Substantial redistribution of lymphocytes occurs upon the initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and immune-based HIV therapies. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relative contribution of apoptosis and proliferation to changes in lymphocyte populations in peripheral blood and lymph node resulting from interleukin-2 (IL-2) therapy in patients receiving stable HAART. METHODS: Lymphocyte apoptosis was analyzed on various subtypes using fluorescence activated cell sorting with an annexin-V antibody in peripheral blood and by the TUNEL (terminal uridine nucleotide end labelling) method in corresponding lymph node sections. Lymphocyte proliferation was evaluated using an antibody against the cell cycle-associated marker Ki-67 (MIB-1) in peripheral blood and lymph nodes. RESULTS: A transient increase in apoptosis was seen in peripheral blood and lymph nodes during a cycle of subcutaneous IL-2. A pronounced proliferative effect of IL-2 (from 6.4% of total lymphocytes in patients only treated with HAART to 23.4% in those treated with HAART + IL-2) was detected in peripheral blood, affecting the CD4, CD8 and CD16/56 subsets to a similar extent. Remarkably, the proliferative effect also occurred in lymphoid tissues. While the lymph node structure gradually disintegrated over 24 months in some individuals, the amount of proliferating lymphocytes, including CD4 cells, B cells and follicular dendritic cells, greatly increased upon IL-2, while HIV RNA load in lymph nodes remained unaffected. CONCLUSION: These results show that IL-2 leads to lymphocyte proliferation in peripheral blood and lymph nodes without an impact on viral load in lymphoid tissue. These results have important implications for attempts to reconstitute the immune system in HIV disease.  相似文献   
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