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ObjectiveTo determine prognostic factors and survival patterns for different treatment modalities for nasal cavity (NC) and paranasal sinus (PS) mucosal melanoma (MM).MethodsPatients from 1973 to 2013 were analyzed using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Kaplan-Meier method and multivariable cox proportional hazard modeling were used for survival analyses.ResultsOf 928 cases of mucosal melanoma (NC = 632, PS = 302), increasing age (Hazard Ratio [HR]:1.05/year, p < 0.001), T4 tumors (HR: 1.81, p = 0.02), N1 status (HR: 6.61, p < 0.001), and PS disease (HR: 1.50, p < 0.001) were associated with worse survival. Median survival length was lower for PS versus NC (16 versus 26 months, p < 0.001). Surgery and surgery + radiation therapy (RT) improved survival over non-treatment or RT alone (p < 0.001). Adding RT to surgery did not yield a survival difference compared with surgery alone (p = 0.43). Five-year survival rates for surgery and surgery + RT were similar, at 27.7% and 25.1% (p = 0.43).ConclusionSurgery increased survival significantly over RT alone. RT following surgical resection did not improve survival.  相似文献   
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Modified-release opioids are often prescribed for the management of moderate to severe acute pain following total hip and knee arthroplasty, despite recommendations against their use due to increasing concerns regarding harm. The primary objective of this multicentre study was to examine the impact of modified-release opioid use on the incidence of opioid-related adverse events compared with immediate-release opioid use, among adult inpatients following total hip or knee arthroplasty. Data for total hip and knee arthroplasty inpatients receiving an opioid analgesic for postoperative analgesia during hospitalisation were collected from electronic medical records of three tertiary metropolitan hospitals in Australia. The primary outcome was the incidence of opioid-related adverse events during hospital admission. Patients who received modified with or without immediate-release opioids were matched to those receiving immediate-release opioids only (1:1) using nearest neighbour propensity score matching with patient and clinical characteristics as covariates. This included total opioid dose received. In the matched cohorts, patients given modified-release opioids (n = 347) experienced a higher incidence of opioid-related adverse events overall, compared with those given immediate-release opioids only (20.5%, 71/347 vs. 12.7%, 44/347; difference in proportions 7.8% [95%CI 2.3–13.3%]). Modified-release opioid use was associated with an increased risk of harm when used for acute pain during hospitalisation after total hip or knee arthroplasty.  相似文献   
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Approximately 10%-20% of the cases of acute pancreatitis have acute necrotizing pancreatitis. The infection of pancreatic necrosis is typically associated with a prolonged course and poor prognosis. The multidisciplinary, minimally invasive “step-up” approach is the cornerstone of the management of infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN). Endosonography-guided transmural drainage and debridement is the preferred and minimally invasive technique for those with IPN. However, it is technically not feasible in patients with early pancreatic/peripancreatic fluid collections (PFC) (< 2-4 wk) where the wall has not formed; in PFC in paracolic gutters/pelvis; or in walled off pancreatic necrosis (WOPN) distant from the stomach/duodenum. Percutaneous drainage of these infected PFC or WOPN provides rapid infection control and patient stabilization. In a subset of patients where sepsis persists and necrosectomy is needed, the sinus drain tract between WOPN and skin-established after percutaneous drainage or surgical necrosectomy drain, can be used for percutaneous direct endoscopic necrosectomy (PDEN). There have been technical advances in PDEN over the last two decades. An esophageal fully covered self-expandable metal stent, like the lumen-apposing metal stent used in transmural direct endoscopic necrosectomy, keeps the drainage tract patent and allows easy and multiple passes of the flexible endoscope while performing PDEN. There are several advantages to the PDEN procedure. In expert hands, PDEN appears to be an effective, safe, and minimally invasive adjunct to the management of IPN and may particularly be considered when a conventional drain is in situ by virtue of previous percutaneous or surgical intervention. In this current review, we summarize the indications, techniques, advantages, and disadvantages of PDEN. In addition, we describe two cases of PDEN in distinct clinical situations, followed by a review of the most recent literature.  相似文献   
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目的研究2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者发生慢性肾脏病(CKD)的危险因素,并着重分析肥胖与CKD发生的关系。方法纳入2009年1月至2019年6月在南京鼓楼医院就诊的18至75岁诊断为T2DM的患者,收集一般资料包括性别、年龄、体重指数(BMI)、收缩压、舒张压、糖尿病病程以及实验室指标包括血红蛋白(Hb)、白蛋白、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、总胆红素(TBIL)、尿酸、空腹血糖(FPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、尿白蛋白/肌酐比值和估算的肾小球滤过率。肥胖定义为BMI≥28 kg/m2,超重定义为24 kg/m2≤BMI<28 kg/m2。根据是否合并CKD,将研究对象分为合并CKD组和不合并CKD组。在不合并CKD的T2DM患者中,选取至少随访一次,随访时间超过12个月且随访数据完整的患者,按是否发生CKD分为发生CKD组和未发生CKD组。两组间各指标的比较采用t检验、非参数检验以及χ2检验。采用单因素及多因素logistic回归分析法分析T2DM患者发生CKD的危险因素,采用Cox比例风险模型分析随访的T2DM患者CKD发生的危险因素。采用限制性立方样条(RCS)拟合Cox回归模型来评估不同的BMI截点与CKD的关系。结果共纳入3194例T2DM患者,其中合并CKD组620例,不合并CKD组2574例。与不合并CKD组相比,合并CKD组T2DM患者BMI明显增高(P=0.005)。单因素logistic回归分析结果显示,性别、肥胖、收缩压、舒张压、Hb、白蛋白、TG、TC、FPG及HbA1c为T2DM患者发生CKD的影响因素(均P<0.05),将上述指标作为自变量,进行多因素logistic回归分析,结果显示,肥胖(OR=1.058,95%CI 1.079~2.018),收缩压增高(OR=1.027,95%CI 1.018~1.035),TG增加(OR=1.087,95%CI 1.008~1.171),FPG增高(OR=1.042,95%CI 1.003~1.083)是T2DM患者发生CKD的影响因素(均P<0.05)。不合并CKD组中随访时间超过12个月且随访数据完整的T2DM患者共753例,其中,发生CKD组182例,未发生CKD组571例。Cox比例风险模型分析结果显示,在校正年龄、糖尿病病程、收缩压、AST、TG及FPG后,超重为发生CKD的危险因素(OR=1.95,95%CI 1.05~3.61)。RCS拟合Cox回归模型结果显示,T2DM患者BMI与CKD发生风险呈非线性关系,BMI在28~31 kg/m2的T2DM患者CKD的发生风险增加(均P<0.05)。结论T2DM患者肥胖与CKD密切相关,肥胖的T2DM患者,特别是BMI在28~31 kg/m2,容易发展为CKD。  相似文献   
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目的 了解肿瘤科护士应对死亡工作自我能力现状并分析其影响因素。 方法 选取356名肿瘤科护士为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、死亡工作自我能力量表、生命意义感量表、职业倦怠量表进行问卷调查。 结果 肿瘤科护士应对死亡工作自我能力得分为(57.83±8.75)分,情绪应对自我能力得分率最低。多元逐步回归分析显示,生命意义感、个人成就、葬礼经历、参与死亡/濒死患者照顾是否造成影响、死亡相关课程培训是其主要影响因素(均P<0.05)。 结论 肿瘤科护士应对死亡工作自我能力处于中等水平,影响因素较多,护理管理者需明确护士应对死亡工作中的需求,积极开展应对患者死亡工作相关培训。  相似文献   
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