全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2076篇 |
免费 | 88篇 |
国内免费 | 19篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 69篇 |
儿科学 | 132篇 |
妇产科学 | 83篇 |
基础医学 | 156篇 |
口腔科学 | 72篇 |
临床医学 | 184篇 |
内科学 | 433篇 |
皮肤病学 | 43篇 |
神经病学 | 103篇 |
特种医学 | 100篇 |
外科学 | 447篇 |
综合类 | 28篇 |
预防医学 | 39篇 |
眼科学 | 70篇 |
药学 | 52篇 |
中国医学 | 5篇 |
肿瘤学 | 167篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 13篇 |
2022年 | 11篇 |
2021年 | 30篇 |
2020年 | 26篇 |
2019年 | 32篇 |
2018年 | 47篇 |
2017年 | 40篇 |
2016年 | 62篇 |
2015年 | 75篇 |
2014年 | 98篇 |
2013年 | 152篇 |
2012年 | 174篇 |
2011年 | 172篇 |
2010年 | 98篇 |
2009年 | 101篇 |
2008年 | 194篇 |
2007年 | 177篇 |
2006年 | 160篇 |
2005年 | 161篇 |
2004年 | 135篇 |
2003年 | 85篇 |
2002年 | 75篇 |
2001年 | 23篇 |
2000年 | 5篇 |
1999年 | 6篇 |
1998年 | 5篇 |
1997年 | 4篇 |
1996年 | 1篇 |
1995年 | 1篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 5篇 |
1992年 | 3篇 |
1991年 | 2篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1961年 | 1篇 |
1955年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有2183条查询结果,搜索用时 93 毫秒
1.
2.
Figen Dag Ugur Dal Zeynep Altinkaya Ayhan Taner Erdogan Emre Ozdemir Didem Derici Yildirim Mehmet Colak 《Acta orthopaedica et traumatologica turcica》2019,53(1)
Objective
The aim of this study was to determine the alterations of walking energy expenditure and plantar pressure distribution in young adults with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS).Methods
Thirty five individuals (mean age: 21.31 ± 1.76) with PFPS constituted the patient group and forty healthy participants (mean age: 21.40 ± 2.11) the control group. Preferred walking speeds (PWS) were determined on the over ground. Individuals walked on a treadmill for 7 min at their PWS and 30% above PWS and oxygen consumption was recorded via a metabolic analyzer. Net oxygen consumption was calculated for each walking trial. Borg scale was applied to assess perceived exertion during walking trial. Plantar pressure distributions were measured by a pedobarography device. Plantar area was subdivided into six zones to evaluate the dynamic plantar pressure data.Results
The mean PWS of PFPS and control groups were 4.69 ± 0.51 and 4.52 ± 0.60 km/h, respectively (p > .09). No significant difference was observed in energy expenditure during walking at PWS between 2 groups while oxygen consumption during 30% above PWS was higher in patient group (18.72 ± 3.75 and 16.64 ± 3.27) (p = .007). Net oxygen consumption was also found to be higher in PFPS group (15.12 ± 3.62 and 13.04 ± 3.24) (p = .005). The mean Borg scores were significantly higher in PFPS group at each walking trials (p < .001). No statistically significant difference was found between weight distribution (%) of symptomatic and nonsymptomatic extremity (50.45 ± 3.92% and 49.56 ± 3.93%, respectively) (p = .509). Dynamic pedobarography parameters were not different between 2 groups, and also between symptomatic and nonsymptomatic extremities (p > .05).Conclusion
Although, rate of perceived exertion and energy expenditure during walking at 30% above PWS are affected negatively in young adults with PFPS, we may speculate that energy consumption and plantar pressure distribution can be compensated by a physiologic adaptation mechanism during walking at PWS.Level of evidence
Level III, Therapeutic Study. 相似文献3.
4.
Sevim Turanli Nazan Bozdogan Hakan Mersin Ugur Berberoglu 《The Indian journal of surgery》2015,77(6):489-494
Helicobacter pylori has been associated with diverse pathologies of varying severity. We investigated the H. pylori infection status and its association with the pathologic features and clinical outcomes in stage III gastric cancer patients treated with adjuvant therapy after curative resection. Between 2004 and 2009, the records of 76 consecutive patients were retrospectively reviewed. H. pylori infection was confirmed by examination of pathological specimen. The relationship between H. pylori and the clinicopathological features was analyzed by Fisher exact test, Student’s t test, and Kaplan-Meier method. Of the 76 patients, 16 patients (21.1 %) were confirmed for H. pylori infection. The median age was 59 years. Twenty-three patients received chemotherapy and remainder received chemoradiotherapy. H. pylori status did not correlate with the clinicopathologic features. It was greater in non-neoplastic tissue than the tumor tissue (21.1 vs 7.9 %). Median follow-up was 21 months. During this period, 88.2 % patients had experienced tumor recurrence, and 85.5 % patients had died. Recurrence was observed in 87.5 % patients and in 88.3 % patients in H. pylori-positive and H. pylori-negative patients, respectively (P = 0.92). Disease-free survival was 28.4 ± 7.9 months and overall survival was 31.5 ± 7.4 months in H. pylori-positive patients compared with 28.3 ± 3.7 and 33.2 ± 3.4 months, respectively, in H. pylori-negative patients. H. pylori infection status did not have effect on the overall or disease-free survival (p = 0.85 and P = 0.86), respectively. H. pylori status might not be useful as a prognostic and predictive factor for clinical outcomes. 相似文献
5.
6.
Ugur Kesici Sevgi Kesici Hulya Ulusoy Fulya Yucesan Aygen U Turkmen Ahmet Besir Verda Tuna 《International wound journal》2015,12(3):280-284
Studies reporting the need for replacing amino acids such as glutamine (Gln), hydroxymethyl butyrate (HMB) and arginine (Arg) to accelerate wound healing are available in the literature. The primary objective of this study was to present the effects of Gln on tissue hydroxyproline (OHP) levels in wound healing. This study was conducted on 30 female Sprague Dawley rats with a mean weight of 230 ± 20 g. Secondary wounds were formed by excising 2 × 1 cm skin subcutaneous tissue on the back of the rats. The rats were divided into three equal groups. Group C (Control): the group received 1 ml/day isotonic solution by gastric gavage after secondary wound was formed. Group A (Abound): the group received 0·3 g/kg/day/ml Gln, 0·052 g/kg/day/ml HMB and 0·3 g/kg/day/ml Arg by gastric gavage after secondary wound was formed. Group R (Resource): the group received 0·3 g/kg/day/ml Gln by gastric gavage after secondary wound was formed. The OHP levels of the tissues obtained from the upper half region on the 8th day and the lower half region on the 21st day from the same rats in the groups were examined. Statistical analysis was performed using the statistics program SPSS version 17.0. No statistically significant differences were reported with regard to the OHP measurements on the 8th and 21st days (8th day: F = 0·068, P = 0·935 > 0·05; 21st day: F = 0·018, P = 0·983 > 0·05). The increase in mean OHP levels on the 8th and 21st days within each group was found to be statistically significant (F = 1146·34, P = 0·000 < 0·001). We conclude that in adults who eat healthy food, who do not have any factor that can affect wound healing negatively and who do not have large tissue loss at critical level, Gln, Arg and HMB support would not be required to accelerate secondary wound healing. 相似文献
7.
Mehmet Toka? Ersin Gürkan Dumlu Birkan Bozkurt Haydar ?cal Cevdet Ayd?n Abdussamed Yal??n Bekir ?ak?r Mehmet K?l?? 《International surgery》2015,100(6):994-998
The purpose of this paper was to analyze the effect of Valsalva maneuver application before finalizing thyroidectomy operations on the identification of bleeding points and postoperational drainage. One hundred patients (age range, 24–76 years) with multinodular goiter, recurrent multinodular goiter, toxic diffuse multinodular goiter, or papillary thyroid cancer were included in the study and were divided into 2 groups of 50 randomly. Both groups underwent thyroidectomy operation, only 1 group received intraoperative Valsalva maneuver application (twice, 30 seconds of 30-cm PEEP). The size of the thyroid gland, the duration of operation, hospital stay, and drain usage were reported. Postoperational occurrences of drainage, hematoma, reoperation, and additional complications were compared between the groups. Valsalva maneuver application helped to identify minor bleeding points in 32% of the cases. There was no significant difference between the study groups regarding the thyroid gland size, operation duration, hospital stay, and the duration of drain usage (P > 0.05 for all). The amount of drainage as well as the frequencies of hematoma, reoperation, and further complications was not significantly different between the study groups (P > 0.05 for all). Intraoperative application of Valsalva maneuver is only useful to detect minor bleeding points in some patients during thyroidectomy operations, but it had no effect on the duration of postoperative drain usage, the amount of drainage, and risk of hematoma. Therefore, intraoperative application of Valsalva maneuver has no beneficial effect on postoperative hemorrhagic complication after thyroidectomy operations.Key words: Drainage, Hemostasis, Thyroidectomy, Valsalva maneuverThyroidectomy is one of the most commonly performed operations worldwide.1 Though a series of improvements were introduced to the operation process, still several postoperative complications remain to be faced such as seroma, wound infection, skin flap complications, and hematoma.2,3Despite the richness of the blood vessels in the thyroid area,4 the rate of postoperational bleedings thus hematoma events are low (1–5% of the cases).5 However, once not controlled, hematoma can result in airway compression and create a life-threatening situation for the patient.6 Hence, preventive measures have been emphasized and employed to avoid postoperational bleedings after thyroidectomy. These approaches range from exercises to avoid Valsalva maneuver kind of forces such as coughing or straining at opening bowel7 to the use of drains after the operation. However, recent literature indicates that the drain usage does not have a significant effect on the recovery period or on the duration of the hospital stay.3,5,8,9 Furthermore, it may cause wound infection and contribute to the discomfort of the patients.5,8,10,11 Thus a proper hemostasis and an early detection of potential bleeding sites are crucial steps for a successful operation and a steady recovery period.4 Several techniques have been used to detect and treat bleeding points immediately after the operation to prevent postoperational hematoma. These techniques involve the use of hydrogen peroxide, water in the wound, Valsalva maneuver, and Trendelenburg tilt.4,7 Recently, the success of Valsalva maneuver and Trendelenburg tilt application on bleeding point detection was demonstrated by Moumoulidis et al.4 However, no further information is provided until now regarding the postoperational evaluation of the patients.In this paper, we aim to analyze the effect of the Valsalva maneuver application on the identification of bleeding points before finalizing the surgery and its influence on the postoperative drainage, complications, and recovery process. 相似文献
8.
9.
Nihat?KarakoyunluEmail author Goksel?Goktug Nevzat?Can??ener Kursad?Zengin Ismail?Nalbant Ufuk?Ozturk Ugur?Ozok Abdurrahim?Imamoglu 《Urological research》2015,43(3):283-287
The aim of the study was to compare percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and staged retrograde flexible ureteroscopy (FURS) methods used in the treatment of kidney stones of 2 cm or more in diameter. The study comprised a total of 60 patients with a diagnosis of kidney pelvic stones more than 2 cm in diameter, for whom surgery was planned between January 2013 and January 2014. The patients were randomly allocated to two groups as staged retrograde FURS (Group A) and PCNL (Group B). Comparison of the groups was made with respect to operating time, number of procedures, total treatment time, length of hospital stay, stone-free rates and complications according to the Clavien–Dindo classification. In Group A, the total operating time of multiple sessions was 114.46 min. In Group B, a single session of PCNL was applied to all patients and the mean operating time was 86.8 min (p = 0.014). Mean total treatment time was 2.01 weeks in Group A and 1 week in Group B (p < 0.01). The mean total hospitalization time was 3.66 days in Group A and 3.13 days in Group B (p = 0.037). At the end of the sessions, clinically insignificant residual fragments were observed in ten patients of Group A and one patient of Group B (p = 0.03). No statistically significant difference was determined between the groups in terms of stone-free rates or complications. Although current technology with FURS is effective on large kidney stones, it has no superiority to PCNL due to the need for multiple sessions and long treatment time. 相似文献
10.
Deniz Guven Karakurt Ugur Demirsoy Selim Oncel Meriban Karadogan Emin Sami Arisoy 《Pediatric hematology and oncology》2014,31(5):415-424
Determination of risk of severe bacterial infection complication in children with cancer is important to diminish the cost of hospitalization and therapy. In this study, children with cancer (leukemia excluded) were evaluated for risk of severe infection complication, success of therapy and the relation between clinical and inflammatory parameters during neutropenic fever attacks. Children who fulfilled the criteria of neutropenic fever with cancer were enrolled in the study. During admission, together with clinical and laboratory parameters; interleukin-6, interleukin-8, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor II, and soluble interleukin 2 reseptor ve procalcitonin levels were detected. Empirical therapy was started with piperacillin/tazobactam and relation between the inflammatory cytokine levels and therapy response parameters were evaluated. The study population included 31 children and 50 neutropenic attacks were studied. In 48% of the attacks, absolute neutrophile count was >100/mm3 and infectious agents were shown microbiologically in 12% of the attacks. In the study group with piperacillin/tazobactam monotherapy, the success rate without modification was 58%. In the therapy modified group mean duration of fever, antibiotherapy and hospitalization were significantly longer than the group without modification. Inflammatory cytokines’ levels during admission (interleukin-6, interleukin-8, soluble tumor necrosis factor reseptor II) were higher in patients with fever >3 days and in multiple regression analysis, it has been shown that they have a determinative role on fever control time. Other cytokines did not show any significant relationship with risk of severe bacterial infection complication and success of therapy. 相似文献