全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2494篇 |
免费 | 180篇 |
国内免费 | 12篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 12篇 |
儿科学 | 59篇 |
妇产科学 | 30篇 |
基础医学 | 373篇 |
口腔科学 | 80篇 |
临床医学 | 212篇 |
内科学 | 567篇 |
皮肤病学 | 103篇 |
神经病学 | 195篇 |
特种医学 | 116篇 |
外科学 | 304篇 |
综合类 | 15篇 |
一般理论 | 3篇 |
预防医学 | 148篇 |
眼科学 | 38篇 |
药学 | 156篇 |
中国医学 | 6篇 |
肿瘤学 | 269篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 6篇 |
2023年 | 51篇 |
2022年 | 93篇 |
2021年 | 134篇 |
2020年 | 75篇 |
2019年 | 94篇 |
2018年 | 115篇 |
2017年 | 81篇 |
2016年 | 112篇 |
2015年 | 104篇 |
2014年 | 119篇 |
2013年 | 137篇 |
2012年 | 205篇 |
2011年 | 225篇 |
2010年 | 117篇 |
2009年 | 98篇 |
2008年 | 140篇 |
2007年 | 147篇 |
2006年 | 102篇 |
2005年 | 115篇 |
2004年 | 110篇 |
2003年 | 96篇 |
2002年 | 82篇 |
2001年 | 13篇 |
2000年 | 14篇 |
1999年 | 15篇 |
1998年 | 8篇 |
1997年 | 4篇 |
1996年 | 5篇 |
1995年 | 6篇 |
1994年 | 5篇 |
1993年 | 6篇 |
1992年 | 8篇 |
1991年 | 4篇 |
1990年 | 2篇 |
1989年 | 7篇 |
1988年 | 5篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 4篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
1970年 | 2篇 |
1969年 | 1篇 |
1966年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有2686条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Distortion and movement of the expander during skin expansion. 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Masamitsu Kuwahara Mitsuo Hatoko Hideyuki Tada Aya Tanaka Satoshi Yurugi Kumi Mashiba 《Nordisk plastikkirurgisk forening [and] Nordisk klubb for handkirurgi》2003,37(1):22-27
Distortion and movement of tissue expanders can cause expansion of the wrong area, such as the naevus or the scar that is to be resected. In 71 rectangular expanders, we examined the incidence of distortion (over 15 degrees) and movement (over 3 cm). We divided the expanders into three anatomical site groups: scalp, body, and extremities, and compared the complication rate between two study groups (distortion or movement, or not). In total, the incidence of distortion was 15/71 (21%) and that of movement 5/71 (7%). Distortion occurred mainly in the extremities (11/33,33%). The implanted expanders tended to move more often in the body part (3/15, 20%). In the extremities, the bigger the angle between the axis of the implanted expander and that of the extremity, the bigger the angle of distortion. Although the incidence of complications between the two groups was not significant, except for alteration in design of the flap, we recommend that these points should be considered when preoperative plans are being made for appropriate patients. 相似文献
2.
3.
Aya Umeda-Ikawa Yoshiyuki Ishii Kazuhiko Suzuki Koji Uetsuka Hjroyuki Nakayama Kunio Doi 《Experimental and toxicologic pathology》2002,54(3):239-244
Mini rats (Jcl: WistarTGN(ARGHGEN) 1Nts) (MRs) are Wistar rat (WR)-derived transgenic rats in which the expression of growth hormone (GH) gene is suppressed under the presence of antisense RNA transgene. In order to evaluate the effects of GH-deficiency on the acute injury by external stimuli, the dorsal skin responses to a single topical application with 20% hydrogen peroxide (HPO), one of the environmental oxidative stressors, were histologically compared between male MRs and WRs of 8 weeks old, whose hair cycle was under the telogen phase. As a result, formation of granulation tissues, reepithelialization and regrowth of hair follicles were delayed in MRs compared with WRs. While hair follicles of MRs of this age are under a long-lasting telogen phase after their 2nd cycle, a new hair cycle started not only in the HPO-applied area but also in the solvent-applied area with a little time lag. These findings suggest that GH-deficiency may influence the skin responses to the external chemical stimuli. 相似文献
4.
5.
Yoshiyuki Kaneko Tomohiro Nakayama Kosuke Saito Akihiko Morita Ichiro Sato Aya Maruyama Masayoshi Soma Teruyuki Takahashi Naoyuki Sato 《Hypertension research》2006,29(9):665-671
The risk of cerebral infarction (CI) in an individual is dependent on the interplay between genetic risk factors and environmental influences. Binding of thromboxane A2 (TXA2) to its receptor (TP) modulates thrombosis/hemostasis and plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of CI. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between human TP gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes and CI in a Japanese population. A genetic association study was performed in 194 CI patients and 365 non-CI subjects by specifically characterizing 6 SNPs in the human TP gene (rs2271875, rs768963, rs2238634, rs11085026, rs4523 and rs4806942). Analysis demonstrated that there were significant differences in the overall distribution of genotypes and dominant or recessive models of rs2271875 and rs768963 between the CI and the non-CI groups. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the C allele of rs768963 was significantly associated with CI (p = 0.029), even after adjusting for confounding factors (odds ratio: 2.41). Further, the C-T-C haplotype of rs768963-rs2238634-rs4806942 was significantly more frequent in the CI group (23.0%) than in the non-CI group (17.7%). These results suggest that specific SNPs and haplotypes may have utility as genetic markers for the risk of CI and that TP or a neighboring gene is associated with the increased susceptibility to CI. 相似文献
6.
7.
Yasunori Utsunomiya Toshiyuki Imasawa Aya Abe Keita Hirano Tetsuya Kawamura Ryuji Nagasawa Tetsuya Mitarai Naoki Maruyama Osamu Sakai 《Clinical and experimental nephrology》1997,1(2):83-91
Background The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of bacterial suporantigens, which can derange the immune response and
contribute to the renal lesions of immunoglobulin A (lgA) nephropathy.
Methods Twenty-five micrograms of a bacterial superantigen, staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), was injected into IgA nephropathy-prone
ddY mice intrathymically when they reached 6 weeks of age. Evaluation included measurement of albumin excretion in urine,
immunoglobulin concentration, and lymphokine production in vitro, as well as analysis of T-cell receptor expression in splenic
T-cell subsets and examination of renal histology by light and fluorescence microscopy.
Results At 40 weeks of age, the serum level of IgA in these mice was substantially increased and the number of Vβ8+ CD4+splenic T-cells was significantly decreased compared with measurements in untreated controls. Both control and SEB-treated
mice excreted less than 30 μg/mL of urinary albumin. In mice given SEB, the amount of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and tumor necrosis
factor-α (T helper 1 [Th1]-type cytokines) produced by the in vitro-stimulated lymphocytes significantly decreased. whereas
that of interleukin 4 (IL-4) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) (Th2-type cytokines) markedly increased compared with measurements in
control mice. At 40 weeks of age, mice given SEB showed marked glomerular hypercellularity and enhanced glomerular C3 deposition
by renal histology, compared with control mice.
Conclusion These results suggest that bacterial superantigen SEB may modify glomerular lesions through activating Th2 cells, while inducing
deletion of Th1 cells in this experimental model. 相似文献
8.
T. Takemura K. Yoshioka K. Murakami N. Akano M. Okada N. Aya S. Maki 《Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology》1994,424(5):459-464
We evaluated the expression of inflammatory cytokines in renal tissues obtained from 45 patients with several types of glomerulonephritis. Immunofluorescence studies with specific antibodies to interleukin (IL)-1, IL-1, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-, and TNF- showed intense cytoplasmic staining in the glomeruli and interstitium. Cells positive for these cytokines were found frequently in tissue from patients with lupus nephritis (WHO Class IV) and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, and, to a lesser extent, in tissue from patients with mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis, and minimal change nephrotic syndrome. Most of these cells were dual-stained with a monoclonal antibody to monocytes-macrophages. In situ hybridization for cytokine mRNA, combined with immunoperoxidase staining for monocytes-macrophages, detected IL-1, IL-6, and TNF- mRNA in monocytes-macrophages infiltrating the glomeruli and interstitium. Occasionally, there was weak or moderate immunostaining for IL-1, IL-6, and TNF- in the glomerular mesangial and epithelial cells, but in situ hybridization signals were rarely found in these loci. These findings suggest that infiltrating monocytes-macrophages, rather than resident glomerular cells, are the major source of inflammatory cytokines in human glomerulonephritis. 相似文献
9.
An Epstein-Barr virus-producer line Akata: Establishment of the cell line and analysis of viral DNA 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
Kenzo Takada Kenichi Horinouchi Yasushi Ono Takao Aya Toyoro Osato Motoo Takahashi Shinichi Hayasaka 《Virus genes》1991,5(2):147-156
An Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-producer line, designated Akata, was established from a Japanese patient with Burkitt's lymphoma. The Akata line possessed the Burkitt's-type chromosome translocation, t(8q-; 14q+), and was derived from the tumor cell. Akata cells produced a large quantity of transforming virus upon treatment of cells with anti-immunoglobulin antibodies (Takada, 1984). Southern blot analysis of viral DNA indicated that the Akata EBV is nondefective and more representative of wild-type viruses. Akata cells should be useful as a source of EBV. 相似文献
10.
Makito Hirano Hirohide Asai Takao Kiriyama Yoshiko Furiya Takaaki Iwamoto Tomohisa Nishiwaki Aya Yamamoto Toshio Mori Satoshi Ueno 《Neuroscience letters》2007
Early-onset ataxia with ocular motor apraxia and hypoalbuminemia (EAOH)/ataxia with oculomotor apraxia type 1 (AOA1) is caused by mutations in the gene encoding aprataxin (APTX). Although several in vitro findings proposed that impaired enzymatic activities of APTX are responsible for EAOH/AOA1, potential instability of mutant proteins has also been suggested as the pathogenesis based on in vivo finding that mutant proteins are almost undetectable in EAOH/AOA1 tissues or cells. The present study aimed to experimentally prove instability of mutant proteins in neuronal cells, the cell type preferentially affected by this disease. Results of pulse-chase experiments demonstrated that all of the disease-associated mutants had extremely shorter half-lives than the WT. We further found that mutants were targeted for rapid proteasome-mediated degradation. These results help establish pathogenic and physiological protein characteristics of APTX in neuronal cells. 相似文献