中药诱导白血病细胞凋亡的研究近况

<正>细胞凋亡又称细胞程序性死亡(Apoptosis APO),是1972年首先由英国学者Kerr等提出,用以描述一种在细胞形态学上有别于细胞坏死(Necrosis)的细胞死亡过程(Progammed cell death,PCD),是在某些生理或病理条件下,细胞接到某种信号的触发后主动参与并遵循一定程序的较慢的死亡过程,不仅在细胞的发育、分化、成熟、死亡中起着重要的作用,而且在抗肿瘤药物治疗以及白血病治疗中生长     

树突状细胞与血液系统肿瘤免疫治疗研究进展

树突状细胞（Dendritic cell,DC）是1973年由Steinman首先在小鼠脾脏中发现,后来Vanvoohis在人外周血液中也发现这种细胞.树突状细胞（DC）是一类专职性的抗原提呈细胞（APC）,是目前所知抗原呈递能力最强的APC,是自体、异体混合淋巴细胞反应中重要的刺激细胞,因其具有膜样或树突状突起而得名.在移植免疫和抗肿瘤免疫中,DC发挥重要作用.近年来,DC的相关研究受到广泛关注,     

再生障碍性贫血的治疗总结

本文总结了28年来本单位治疗的再生障碍性贫血(以下将称“再障”)153例.其中急性48例,总疗效75%;慢性105例,总疗效91.5%,两者疗效经统计学处理差别显著.结合急、慢性再障在病机、分型诸方面的差别,作者提出对于二者应分别予以研究,不宜混同;同时强调分型应规范化.本文对本病分型的出发点,一是相关脉证出现的频率,二是该出发点应能反映出病因、病机、病位、病势等.作者对本病的治疗体会是早期治疗,缩短病程,足够的疗程及积极防止感染、出血.     

中药对免疫介导性再生障碍性贫血T淋巴细胞的实验研究

实验用Balb／c小鼠经亚致死剂量的射线照射后，输入取自DBA／2小鼠的胸腺淋巴结细胞来制作免疫介导性再障的模型。用正气活血、温补脾肾、扶正解毒中药煎出液，分别浓缩成含生药量为0．79g／ml浓度的药液灌胃，每日1次，每次0．5ml。探讨这些方药对免疫介导型再障的治疗效果和作用机理。结果表明：这些方药在不同程度上都能提高再障小鼠的TH细胞，降低TS细胞，使TH／TS比值升高，减轻免疫异常对骨髓造血细胞的抑制和损伤，有利于再障骨髓造血的修复和重建。提示了辨证论治对指导用药的重要性。     

增血汤加生血散辅助治疗特发性血小板减少性紫癜29例临床观察

<正>血小板减少性紫癜是指循环血中血小板数目低于正常,易引起皮肤黏膜出血,重者内脏出血的一类常见出血性疾病,属中医学"血症"、"发斑"等范畴。血小板减少病因众多,分为原发性和继发性,原发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)是由于机体免疫异常导致血小板     

中药多糖的免疫调节作用研究进展

多糖是由醛糖或酮糖通过甙链连接在一起的多聚物,是一类广泛存在于高等植物、真菌、藻类、细菌和动物细胞膜上的生物大分子,是构成生命的四大基本物质之一。多糖不但是生物体的主要结构成分,还具有复杂的生物活性和功能。随着传统中药的多糖成分被分离和纯化,对他们的化学结构、理化性质、药理功能以及作用机制进行了多方面的研究。其中中药多糖的免疫调节作用作为多糖研究的一个热点,近年来取得了很大的进展。大量药理实验证明,中药多糖不仅能激活巨噬细胞（Mφ）、T、B淋巴细胞、自然杀伤细胞（NK）、淋巴因子激活的杀伤细胞（LAK）、     

黄芪多糖诱导脐血单核细胞向树突状细胞分化中的作用

目的 观察NF-κB在黄芪多糖(APS)诱导脐血单核细胞向树突状细胞(DCs)分化过程的作用,探讨APS诱生DCs过程中的信号传导通路.方法 无菌条件下采集脐血,密度梯度离心法获得脐血单核细胞分为3组.对照组:在无药物的RPMI 1640完全培养液中培养;APS组:在含有黄芪多糖100mg/L的RPMI 1640完全培养液中培养;PDTC组:用NF-κB的抑制剂吡咯烷二硫氨基甲酸酯(PDTC)10μmol/L处理脐血单核细胞30 min后,加入含有黄芪多糖100 mg/L的RPMI 1640完全培养液中培养.培养过程中用倒置光学显微镜和透射电镜观察细胞形态变化;收集培养第12天的细胞,FCM检测细胞免疫表型;免疫荧光显微镜下观察细胞内NF-κB的激活、迁移情况.结果 (1)对照组细胞无成簇生长,培养至第12天细胞呈梭形巨噬细胞形态;黄芪多糖组细胞成簇生长,形态学由圆形逐渐变为典型的树突状细胞形态;抑制剂组细胞生长缓慢,未出现聚集现象,细胞形态学未见明显变化.(2)APS组高表达DCs特异性抗原CD80、CD83和CD86,与对照组、PDTC组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),对照组与PDTC组表达相似,二者差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).(3)免疫荧光显微镜下观察NF-κB可见APS组伴有大量NF-κB荧光进入细胞核,尤以72 h显著,NF-κB激活率为(75.20±7.37)%,而对照组、PDTC组NF-κB激活率分别为(13.20±3.46)%、(8.20±1.92)%,与APS组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 黄芪多糖能够诱导脐血单核细胞定向分化为DCs,NF-κB是黄芪多糖诱导脐血单核细胞向DCs分化的信号传导通路中的关键元件.

Abstract：

Objective To investigatethe role of NF-κB played in the process of the cord blood monocytes differentiating into dendritic cells(DCs)induced by astragalus polysaccharide(APS)and to explore the signal transduction pathway involved in this process.Methods Umbilica]cord blood was collected in aseptic conditions.The cord blood monocytes were obtained by density gradient centrifugation and were divided into three groups afterwards.In the control group.cells were cultivated in the RPMI 1640 complete medium.In the APS group.cells were cultivated in the RPMI 1640 complete medium containing 100 mg/L APS.In the PDTC group:cells were treated with 10 μmol/L disulfide carbamate(PDTC).NF-κB inhibitor in 30 min followed by cultivalion in the RPMI 1640 complete medium containing 100 mg/L APS.,The morphological changes were observed during the process of cultivation by the optical microscope and transmission electron microscopy.Cells were collected 12 d later and the cellular immunophenotyping was assayed by FCM.,The activation and migration of NF-κB fluorescence in the cells was examined by the immunoflouresce microscopy.Results (1)Cells in the control group grown up without cluster forformation and were found fusiform and macrophage-like in 12 d.Cells in the APS group grown up in clnstem,and morphological changes were found from the circular shape to a typical dendritic cells-like shape.Cells in the inhibitor group grown up slowly and without cluster formation,and cell morphdogy had no significant change.(2)The expression of DCs-specific antigen CD80,CD83 and CD86 in the APS group was higher than that in the control group and inhibitom group(P<0.01).The expression of those antigen in the control group and PDTC group was similar and had no statistically significance(P>0.05).(3)NF-κB fluorescence in the nuclei was examined by the immunoflourescence microscopy and was much higher in the APS group than that in khe other groups,especially in 72 h with the activation rate of NF-κB (75.20±7.37)%,while(13.20±3.46)% of PDTC group and(8.20 ±1.92)%,respectively(P<0.01).Conclusion Astragalus polysaccharide can induce the differentiation of umbilical cord blood cells into DCs,and NF-κB is the key component of the signal transduction pathway involved in this process.     

史亦谦运用黄芪桂枝五物汤经验举隅

通过对非霍奇金淋巴瘤化疗后、下肢静脉曲张、白细胞减少症三则临床病案的举例分析,介绍史亦谦运用黄芪桂枝五物汤的经验。