致倦库蚊（Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus）引诱产卵信息素的合成及其生物活性

致倦库蚊（Ｃｕｌｅｘｐｉｐｉｅｎｓｑｕｉｎｑｕｅｆａｓｃｉａｔｕｓ）产生的引诱产卵的信息素被鉴定为赤式－６－乙酰氧基－５－十六碳内酯。用环戊酮和十一碳醛经醇醛缩合产生２－（１－羟基十一烷基－１－）环戊酮，再通过拜尔－维利格反应和乙酰化作用合成了这种内酯的赤式和苏式异构体的混合物。合成产物由等比例的四种异构体组成，包括具有活性的赤式－（５Ｒ，６Ｓ）和它的对映异构体，以及另外两个苏式异构体。用合成的信息素对四种（亚种）蚊虫做了引诱产卵的生物测定，发现该产物对同种不同亚种的淡色库蚊（Ｃｘ．ｐｉｐｉｅｎｓｐａｌｌｅｎｓ）和致倦库蚊均有引诱雌蚊产卵的活性，且对前者的引诱力更强，并能保持至少１０天以上；而对同属不同种的三带喙库蚊（Ｃｘ．ｔｒｉｔａｅｎｉｏｒｈｙｎｃｈｕｓ）和另一个属的埃及伊蚊（Ａｅｄｅｓａｅｇｙｐｔｉ）则无活性，表明该信息素具有种的（而非属的）特异性。     

16层螺旋CTA诊断颅内动脉瘤的临床应用

目的探讨16层螺旋血管成像技术（CTA）在诊断颅内动脉瘤方面的临床应用价值。方法对30例疑有颅内动脉瘤患者行16层螺旋CT脑血管造影检查，层厚0．625mm，应用后处理技术三维重建。结果30例患者患颅内动脉瘤18例，动静脉畸形2例，烟雾病1例。9例正常。10例动脉瘤患者同时行脑血管DSA检查。与CTA检查结论一致。结论16层螺旋CTA能准确诊断颅内动脉瘤，为临床提供精确的诊疗信息。     

BiPAP无创机械通气治疗急性心源性肺水肿的临床研究

目的评价BiPAP无创机械通气治疗急性心源性肺水肿病例的疗效。方法对我院收治的急性心源性肺水肿随机分为两组，治疗组25例急性心源性肺水肿患者在传统常规治疗同时加用BiPAP呼吸机经鼻（面）罩双水平气道正压通气治疗，对照组23例在传统常规治疗上加用鼻导管给氧治疗。结果BiPAP组通气治疗后，23例患者临床症状明显改善，血气分析中pH、PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2等参数比较差异有显著性（P〈0．05），总有效率为92．0％，避免了气管插管机械通气。对照组总有效率为73．9％。结论BiPAP无创机械通气治疗急性心源性肺水肿能迅速纠正缺氧、改善心功能。可作为抢救急性心源性肺水肿的一种安全、有效的方法。     

积水型重复肾伴重复输尿管扩张的超声诊断

目的 为临床提供一种简便、迅速、无损伤的诊断积水型重复肾伴重复输尿管扩张。方法 应用超声常规扫查两肾区．采取多方位、多切面．对11例积水型重复肾伴重复输尿管扩张患进行检查。结果 超声所见与手术或X线造影基本一致。发生于左肾5例,右肾6例;9例位于上肾部,2例位于下肾部;合并结石1例．合并输尿管囊肿3例。结论 总结了6种积水型重复肾伴重复输尿管扩张超声表现形式,凡具备其中表现形式之一即可直接作出积水型重复肾伴重复输尿管扩张的诊断;如能与X线造影相结合,可提高有功能重复肾重重复辅尿管的诊断的准确率。     

双重密度血肿─脑内出血的一种特殊表现

本文总结分析了脑内出血的一种特殊表现一双重密度血种。其CT表现为高密度出血灶周围有新月形或半月形等或略高密度环绕。并探讨其形成机理。简要讨论其鉴别诊断及临床意义。     

血清转铁蛋白微小变异的测定及其临床意义

血清转铁蛋白微小变异的出现，可能是酒精性肝病重要的生化指标之一，但由于检测方法复杂，临床应用受到限制，应用ｐＨ３．５～９．５和ｐＨ４．０～６．０的安福林溶液等量混合，并除去血清白蛋白后行等电聚焦电泳，染色后得清晰变异带，并用此法检测了酒精性肝病和非酒精性肝病患者血清，结果前者的阳性率为６６．７％～８３．３％，后者仅为１６．７％，由于该方法，操作简单，用时较短便于临床应用。     

Awareness of diagnosis,treatment and risk of late effects in Chinese survivors of childhood cancer in Hong Kong

BackgroundFor survivors of childhood cancer, awareness of personal health risks is a critical component of long‐term health management.ObjectiveTo evaluate the awareness of the diagnosis, treatment and risk of late effects among survivors of childhood cancer in Hong Kong.MethodsBetween June 2019 and March 2020, this cross‐sectional study recruited 155 adult survivors (mean age = 26.9, standard deviation [SD] = 6.4 years) and 45 parents of paediatric survivors (mean age = 11.1, SD = 3.6 years) from a long‐term follow‐up clinic. At >10 years post‐treatment (mean = 13.4, SD = 7.6 years), they completed a structured questionnaire to report their cancer‐specific knowledge. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to identify clinical, socioeconomic and behavioural factors associated with poor awareness.ResultsThe majority of participants accurately recalled their diagnoses (73.5%) and major treatment modalities (chemotherapy 92.4%, radiation 82.9% and surgery 88.2%). However, less than half (45%) of the participants recognized more than 25% of the total late effects for which they were at risk. The highest levels of awareness were reported for endocrine problems (49%), neurocognitive impairment (44%) and secondary cancers (43%), and the lowest for peripheral neuropathy (21%) and vision problems (23%). Compared with survivors of haematological malignancies, those of central nervous system (CNS) tumours (standardized estimate [B] = −9.33, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: −13.41 to −5.26) and non‐CNS solid tumours (B = −8.47, 95% CI: −12.39 to −4.94) had less knowledge about their diagnosis. Retaining medical records (P < .0001) and better medical information‐seeking habits (P = .048) were associated with better awareness.ConclusionsSurvivors of childhood cancer in Hong Kong have deficient awareness of their personal health risks. They may benefit from the provision of a survivorship care plan and personalized education regarding treatment‐related late effects.Patient ContributionPatients contributed in designing the study tools. Results were presented at a non‐governmental organization.     

后入路脊髓前侧推挤减压治疗胸腰椎损伤

报告５０例后入路全椎板切除，不破坏小关节突和椎弓根，采用作者设计的特殊弧度的骨凿，骨膜剥离器，骨锉和推进器作脊髓前侧推挤减压，Ｄｉｃｋ器械短节段椎弓根内固定和后路植骨融合术。术后和随访神经功能恢复标准，按Ｆｒａｎｋｅｌ氏分级法，６例达到Ｂ级，１６例进入Ｃ级，５例进入Ｄ级，１９例达到Ｅ极。     

组织二尖瓣环位移评价冠状动脉慢血流患者左心房功能

目的 探讨组织二尖瓣环位移（TMAD）评价冠状动脉慢血流（CSF）患者左心房功能的应用价值。方法 44例CSF患者（CSF组）和42例无CSF患者（对照组）行常规超声心动图检查，采用Simpson法计算左心房射血分数（LAEF）、被动射血分数（LAPEF）和主动射血分数（LAAEF），采用TMAD检测二尖瓣环左心房充盈期位移、被动排空期位移及心房收缩期位移（TMAD_D、TMAD_P及TMAD_S）。结果 与对照组比较，CSF组LAEF和LAAEF降低，且TMAD_D和TAMD_S均降低（P均<0.01）。CSF组TMAD_D和TAMD_S均与冠状动脉平均血流帧数（TFC）呈负相关（r=-0.31，-0.36，P均<0.01）。结论 CSF患者左心房储器及泵功能降低，且冠状动脉血流速度越慢，功能降低越显著。TMAD可快速准确评价左心房功能，为临床治疗及预后评估提供重要依据。     

心理干预对腹腔镜胆囊摘除术病人心理状况的影响

目的:了解心理干预对择期胆囊摘除术病人手术前后心理状况的影响。方法:随机抽取住院择期腹腔镜胆囊摘除术病人60例,其中干预组30例对照组30例。采用支持性心理治疗和放松训练对于预组患者进行术前术后心理干预。应用状态-特质焦虑问卷(STAI)。抑郁自评量表(SDS)。测量病人手术前后心理状况。结果:干预组术前术后焦虑抑郁评分明显低于对照组,术前1日术后当日心率血压明显低于对照组。结论:对围术期病人进行有效的心理干预是降低病人心理生理创伤的有效途径。